A study of the impact of seeking a second opinion about a medical condition is described in the paper “Evaluation of Outcomes from a National Patient-Initiated Second Opinion Program” (The American Journal of Medicine [2015], 1138e25– 1138e33). Based on a review of 6791 patientinitiated second opinions, the paper states the following: “Second opinions often resulted in changes in diagnosis (14.8%), treatment (37.4%), or changes in both (10.6%).”

Consider the following two events:

D = event that second opinion results in a change in diagnosis

T = event that second opinion results in a change in treatment

a. What are the values of P(D), P(T), and P(D > T)?

b. What is the probability that a second opinion results in neither a change in diagnosis nor a change in treatment?

c. What is the probability that a second opinion results in a change in diagnosis or a change in treatment?