Example 10.13 provided the following 21 time discrimination scores for male smokers who had abstained from smoking for 24 hours.

a. What characteristic of the sample size indicates that the methods based on the t distribution may not be appropriate?

b. Recall that a time discrimination score of 1 indicates that there is no tendency for time to be overestimated or underestimated. Use the following Shiny app output to help to test the hypothesis that the population mean time discrimination score for male smokers who abstain from smoking for 24 hours is significantly greater than 1.

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1.12 1.03 1.09 1.03 1.09 0.97 0.98 1.20 1.16 1.03 1.10 1.11 0.98 1.02 1.20 0.96 0.78 1.05 0.90 1.08 0.95 Randomization Distribution 100 50 1.02 1.04 1.06 0.94 0.96 0.98 Sample Mean Simulation Standard Error Upper Tailed P-value Number of Values in Tail 29 Number of Simulated Samples Observed Sample Mean 1.040 1000 0.021 0.029 Aouanbas