McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, and Martin (2011) carried out an investigation of the well-being benefits of pets for everyday people. In Study 1, they addressed the question: Do pet owners enjoy better well-being than nonowners? A sample of 217 people participated in the study. The participants completed a battery of instruments to provide data on well-being, personality, and attachment style. The only Study 1 results presented here concern the six well-being measures.

Summary of Well-Being Measures for Pet Owners and Nonowners

€  p < .08. * p < .05. ** p < .01.

1. For which of the variables was the difference between owners and nonowners statistically significant? For the significant differences, which group had the more positive outcome?

2. Would the significant differences be considered large?

3. Would the significant differences be considered important differences?

4. Would the sample size be considered excessively large?

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Mean Cohen's Variable t(215) value Nonowners Owners n = 167 n = 50 31.72 41.64 Depression Loneliness Self-esteem Physical illnesses and symptoms Subjective happiness Exercise and fitness .21 .29 1.29 1.79* 2.59* .198 .075 30.00 38.64 34.27 .42 32.21 .010 0.45 3.98 4.21 .653 .07 5.06 3.94 5.20 .510 .009 0.66 2.64** .11 .43 4.40