The following conclusion from a study appeared in the article “Smartphone Nation” (AARP Bulletin, September 2009): “If you love your smart phone, you are not alone. Half of all boomers sleep with their cell phone within arm’s length. Two of three people age 50 to 64 use a cell phone to take photos, according to a 2010 Pew Research Center report.” Are the given proportions (half and two of three) population values, or were they calculated from a sample?