What is the electric force on the chloride ion in the lower righthand corner in the diagram? Since the ions are in water, the “effective charge” on the chloride ions (Cl−) is −2 × 10⁻²¹ C and that of the sodium ions (Na⁺) is +2 × 10⁻²¹ C. (The effective charge is a way to account for the partial shielding due to nearby water molecules.) Assume that all four ions are coplanar.

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Na+ 0.8 nm 30 0.3 nm 45° Na+ 0.5 nm CF