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earth sciences
the nature properties of soils

Questions and Answers of The Nature Properties of Soils

Revisit your answer to question. Explain how soil structure in both the surface and subsurface horizons might modify your opinion of the merits of each farm.
Two different timber-harvest methods are being tested on adjacent forest plots with day loam surface soils. Initially. the bulk density of the surface soil in both plots was 1.1 Mg/m3. One year after
What are the textural classes of two soils, the first with 15% clay and 45% silt, and the second with 80% sand and 10% clay?
Discuss the positive and negative impacts of tillage on soil structure. What is another physical consideration that you would have to take into account in deciding whether or not to change from a
What would you, as a home gardener, consider to be the three best and three worst things that you could do with regard to managing the soil structure in your home garden?
What does the Proctor test tell an engineer about a soil, and why would this information be important?
In a humid region characterized by expansive soils, a homeowner experienced burst water pipes, doors that no longer closed properly, and large vertical cracks in the brick walls. The house had had no
What is the role of the reference state of water in defining soil water potential? Describe the properties of this reference state of water.
Imagine a root of a cotton plant growing in the upper horizon of an irrigated soil in California's Imperial Valley. As the root attempts to draw water molecules tram this soil, what forces
Using the terms adhesion, cohesion, meniscus, surface tension, atmospheric pressure, and hydrophilic surface, write a brief essay to explain why water rises up from the water table in a mineral soil.
Suppose you were hired to design an automatic irrigating system for a wealthy homeowner's garden. You determine that the flower beds should be kept at a water potential above -60 kPa, but not wetter
Suppose the homeowner referred to in question 4 increased your budget and asked to use the TDR method to measure soil water contents. What additional information about the soils, not necessary for
A greenhouse operator was growing ornamental woody plants in 15-cm-tall plastic containers filled with a loamy sand. He watered the containers daily with a sprinkler system. His first batch of 1000
Suppose you measured the following data for a soil:Estimate the total available water-holding capacity (AWHC) of this soil in centimeters of water. em at different water tensions, kg water/kg dry
A forester obtained a cylindrical core (L = 15 cm, r = 3.5 cm) of soil from a field site. She placed all the soil in a metal can with a tight-fitting lid. The empty metal can weighed 300 g and when
Give four reasons why compacting a soil is likely to reduce the amount of water available to growing plants.
Since even rapidly growing, finely branched root systems rarely contact more than 1 or 2% of the soil particle surfaces, how is it that the roots can utilize much more than 1 or 2% of the water held
For two soils subjected to "no," "moderate," or -severe' compaction, Figure shows the volume fraction (cm3 cm-3) of pores in three size classes. The symbol ◄ indicates the volume fraction of water.
If you were investigating a site for a proposed housing development, how could you use soil colors to help predict where problems might be encountered?
Name the soil taxonomy category and discuss the engineering implications of these soil taxonomy classes: Aquic Paleudults, Fragiudults, Haplusterts, Saprists. and Turbels.
Explain why Soil Taxonomy is said to be a hierarchical classification system.
What's in a name? Write a hypothetical soil profile description and land-use suitability interpretation for a hypothetical soil that is classified in the AquicArgixerolls subgroup.
To which soil order does each of the following belong: Psamments. Udolls, Argids, Udepts, Fragiudalfs, Haplustox, and Calciusterts.
Of the five soil-forming factors discussed in Chapter 2 (parent material, climate. Organisms. topography, and time). choose two that have had the dominant influence on developing soil properties
Use the key given in Figure 3.11 to determine the soil order of a soil with the following characteristics: a spodic horizon at 30 cm depth, permafrost at 80 cm depth. Explain your choice of soil
What is the principal soil property by which Ultisols differ from Alf's°Is? Incepts°Is from Entisols?
Rearrange the following soil orders from the least to the most highly weathered: Oxisols, Alfisols, Mains°Is. Entisols. and Inceptisols.
Explain the relationships among a soil individual, a polypedon, a pedon. and a landscape.
Diagnostic horizons are used to classify soils in Soil Taxonomy. Explain the difference between a diagnostic horizon (such as an argillic horizon) and a genetic horizon designation (such as a Btl
Visualize a slope in the landscape near where you live. Discuss how specific soil properties (such as colors. horizon thickness. types of horizons present. etc..) would likely change along the
For the two soils described in question 5, make a profile sketch using master horizon symbols and subordinate suffixes to show the approximate depths, sequence, and nature of the horizons you would
Assuming a level area of granite rock was the parent material in both cases, describe in general terms how you would expect two soil profiles to differ, one in a warm, semiarid grassland and the
Give two specific examples for each of the four broad processes of soil formation.
What is loess, and what are some of its properties as a parent material?
How do colluvium, glacial till, and alluvium differ in appearance and agency of transport?
Name the five factors affecting soil formation. With regard to each of these factors of soil formation, compare a forested Rocky Mountain slope to the semiarid grassland plains far below.
Give an example of how parent material may vary across large geographic regions on one hand. but may also vary within a small parcel of land on the other.
Explain the weathering significance of the ratio of silicon to aluminum in soil minerals.
How is water involved in the main types of chemical weathering reactions?
What is meant by the statement, weathering combines the processes of destruction and synthesis? Give an example of these two processes in the weathering of a primary mineral.
Compare the pedological and edaphological approaches to the study of soils. Which is more closely aligned with geology and which with ecology?
Describe four processes that commonly lead to degradation of soil quality.
Define these terms: soil texture, soil structure, soil pH, humus, soil profile, B horizon, soil quality, solum, and saprolite.
Are all elements contained in plants essential nutrients? Explain.
List the essential nutrient elements that plants derive mainly from the soil.
Explain in your own words how the soil's nutrient supply is held in different forms, much the way that a person's financial assets might be held in different forms.
Figure 1.18 shows the volume composition of a loam surface soil in ideal condition for plant growth. To help you understand the relationships among the four components, redraw this pie chart to
Think back over your activities during the past week. List as many incidents as you can in which you came into direct or indirect contact with soil.
What are the six main roles of soil in an ecosystem? For each of these ecological roles, suggest one way in which interactions occur with another of the six roles.
Discuss how a soil, a natural body, differs from soil, a material that is used in building a roadbed?
As a society, is our reliance on soils likely to increase or decrease in the decades ahead? Explain.

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