A filter is a circuit designed to pass AC signals in some frequency range and to attenuate others. Common filters include low-pass filters, which allow low-frequency signals to pass but attenuate high frequencies; high-pass filters, which do the opposite; and band-pass filters, which pass a range of frequencies while attenuating signals with frequencies outside the band. Filters are widely used in electronics. Applications include tone and equalizer controls in audio equipment; filters to separate nearby frequencies at cell phone towers; and filters to eliminate unwanted electrical noise in biomedical instruments such as electrocardiographs. A simple design for an RC filter is shown in

When the angular frequency v of the input voltage Vin is such that the capacitor?s reactance is equal to the resistance, the output voltage isa. V_in /4.b. V_in /2.c. V_in /?2.d. 2V_in

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R ww Vout Vin FIGURE 28.27 An RC filter (Passage Problems 73–76)