Henrich is a single taxpayer. In 2018, his taxable income is $450,000. What is his income tax and net investment income tax liability in each of the following alternative scenarios?
a. All of his income is salary from his employer.
b. His $450,000 of taxable income includes $2,000 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates.
c. His $450,000 of taxable income includes $55,000 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates.
d. Henrich has $195,000 of taxable income, which includes $50,000 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates. Assume his modified AGI is $210,000.