Sarah and Paul are industry CPAs rather than public CPAs. R. Z. Elias conducted a study of corporate ethical values and earnings management ethics. He found that CPAs in industry in an organization are:
a. Significantly more likely than those in public accounting to perceive high ethical values.
b. Significantly less likely than those in public accounting to perceive high ethical values.
c. More reluctant to report to the SEC than CPAs in public accounting.
d. No statistical significant difference exists between industry and public accounting CPAs.