The following total liabilities and stockholders€™ equity information (in millions) is provided for Papa John€™s International, Inc. (PZZA) and Yum! Brands, Inc. (YUM) at the end of a recent year:

Yum! Brands is a much larger company than is Papa John€™s; however, both companies compete internationally in the fast food business. Papa John€™s is primarily in the carry-out and delivery pizza business, while Yum! Brands is in the quick-service restaurant business with its Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC brands.
a. Compute the ratio of liabilities to stockholders€™ equity for each company. Round to one decimal place.
b. What conclusions regarding the margin of protection to creditors can you draw for these two companies?

c. Which company is more risky to creditors?

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Papa John's $495 Yum! Brands $8,075 7,164 Total assets Total liabilities Total stockholders'equity 444 51 911