The Kroger Co, reported cash income taxes paid of $557 million for the year ended January 28, 2017 (fiscal year 2016). In addition, it reported the following:

a. What is the LIFO reserve for Kroger as of January 28, 2017? January 30, 2016?

b. What is the impact of Kroger's decision to use LIFO on its January 28, 2017 balance sheet in terms of the effect on inventory, current assets, and total assets?

c. What is the amount of the LIFO effect for Kroger for the year ended January 28, 2017?

d. What is the impact of Kroger's decision to use LIFO on its income statement for the year ended January 28, 2017, in terms of earnings before taxes?

e. What is the impact of Kroger's decision to use LIFO on its cash taxes paid for the year ending January 28, 2017, assuming an effective tax rate of 35%?

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THEKROGER Co CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In mišlions) January 28, 2017 January 30. 2016 ASSETS Current assets $ 322 $ 27 Cash and temporary cash investments 910 Store depos ts in-transit 923 Receivab es 1,649 1,734 AIFO inventory 7,852 7,440 LIFO reserve (1,291) (1,272) Prepad and other current assets 898 790 Total current assets 10 340 9.892 Property, pant and equ pment, net 21,016 19,619 Intangib es, net 1.153 1.053 2 724 Goodwll 3,031 Other assets 965 609 $33, 897 Total Assets $36,505 THE KROGER Co. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Years Ended January 28. 2017, January 30, 2016, and January 1,2015 2015 (52 weeks) $3,094 1.045 2016 (52 weeks) 2014 (52 weeks) (In millions) Eamings before income tax expense Income tax expense* Net eam ngs including noncontrolling interests * Cash paid for income taxes in 2016 S557 $2,649 902 $1,747 $2,914 957 $1,957 $2,049