Air France–KLM (AF), a Franco-Dutch company, prepares its financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards. AF’s financial statements and disclosure notes for the year ended December 31, 2019, are available in Connect. This material also is available at the company’s website (www.airfranceklm .com/en/finance/publications/results.)

Required:
1. Examine the long-term borrowings described in AF’s note (31.3). Note that AF has convertible bonds outstanding that it issued in 2019 (Ou d’Echange En Actions Nouvelles ou Existantes - OCEANE). Prepare the journal entry AF used to record the issue of convertible bonds.
2. Prepare the journal entry AF would use to record the issue of the convertible bonds if AF used U.S. GAAP.
3. AF does not elect the fair value option (FVO) to report its financial liabilities. Examine Note 36.3 “Market value of financial instruments.” If the company had elected the FVO for all of its debt measured at amortized cost, what would be the balance at December 31, 2019, in the fair value adjustment account?