MR operates a defined benefit pension plan for its employees. On 1 January 20X3, MR made improvements to the benefits offered by the plan, and the actuary estimated that the past service costs associated with these improvements totalled $5 million.

Required:

Explain, in accordance with IAS 19 Employee Benefits, how: 

(i) The defined benefit pension plan would be accounted for by MR in its financial statements.

(ii) The past service costs would be accounted for in the year to 31 December 20X3.