a. Describe the relevant long-run proportion of interest in words.
b. What statistical term is given to the long-run proportion you described in (a)?
c. What value does the chance model assert for the long-run proportion?
d. Suppose that the spun racquet lands with the label facing up 48 times out of 100. Explain, as if to a friend who has not studied statistics, why this result does not constitute strong evidence against believing that the spinning process is fair. 

e. Is the result in (d) statistically signifi cant evidence that spinning is not fair or is it plausible that the spinning process is fair?

Tennis players oft en spin a racquet to decide who serves first. Th e spun racquet can land with the manufacturer’s label facing up or down. A reasonable question to investigate is whether a spun tennis racquet is equally likely to land with the label facing up or down. (If the spun racquet is equally likely to land with the label facing in either direction, we say that the spinning process is fair.) Suppose that you gather data by spinning your tennis racquet 100 times, each time recording whether it lands with the label facing up or down.