A student who did volunteer work at an animal shelter wanted to see if cats really respond aggressively to catnip (Jovan, Stats magazine, 1999). Using a sample of 15 cats, she recorded how many €œnegative interactions€ (such as hissing or clawing) each cat engaged in during a 15-minute period prior to being given a teaspoon of catnip and also in the following 15-minute period. Her conjecture was that the number of negative interactions would increase after the introduction of the catnip. Her data follow:

a. Explain how you know that these data came from a matched pairs design.
b. State the relevant null and alternative hypotheses for testing the student€™s conjecture.
c. Conduct a simulation analysis to produce a p-value. Report the p-value, and interpret what it means (probability of what, assuming what?).
d. Summarize your conclusion about strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.

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Negative interactions before catnip Negative interactions after catnip Cat name Amelia Bathsheba 3 6. Boris 4. Frank Jupiter Lupine 4 5 Madonna Michelangelo Oregano 3 Phantom 5 Posh 1 Sawyer Scary Slater Tucker 2. 2. 2.