How many calories do you think you burn or expend with 60 minutes of walking on the treadmill? An article that appeared in the American Journal of Men€™s Health (2010) presented the results of a study conducted by researchers Harris and George, whose objective was to evaluate how accurately men can estimate their energy expenditure (EE) as measured in kilocalories (kcal). Eighty normal-weight and overweight male participants, ages 21€“45 years, were recruited from a large, urban university in South Florida. During one session, each participant was made to walk for 60 minutes on a treadmill, and their actual EE was calculated. Aft er they had completed the task, each participant was asked to estimate the number of calories they burned during the task. A summary of the results are shown in the following table.

The researchers wanted to see whether men tended to overestimate or underestimate their EE.
a. On average, did the men in the study significantly overestimate or underestimate their EE? How do you know?
b. Explain why a matched pairs test would be appropriate to analyze these data.
c. Give the null and alternative hypotheses.

d. What assumption do you need to make about the data in order to use the theory-based approach to analyze these data?

e. Use the Theory-Based Inference applet to find the standardized statistic and p-value for this test.
f. Use the Theory-Based Inference applet to find a 95% confidence interval. Interpret the 95% confidence interval in the context of the study.
g. Explain how the confidence interval corresponds to the conclusion reported in part (e).
h. Provide a full (four-part) conclusion, including comments on significance, estimation, causation, and generalization.

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Sample Sample Sample average (kcal) SD (kcal) size Difference Estimated – Actual Xa = 129 Sa = 393.50 80