Often research articles include tables of comparisons for demographics of experimental groups. In one such article (Psycho-Oncology, 2006) reporting a study investigating the effect of art therapy on women diagnosed with cancer, researchers Monti et al. randomly assigned women to either the €œmindfulness-based art therapy€ treatment group or the €œwait-list€ control group. The researchers report the counts for race for the control group and the treatment group.

a. Is this an experiment or an observational study? How are you deciding?

b. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in words.

c. Explain why it would NOT be okay to use the theory-based method to find a p-value for this study.

d. Use an appropriate applet (for example, the Multiple Proportions applet) to find and report the following from the data:

(i) the name of a statistic and its numeric value and 

(ii) the simulation based p-value.

e. Explain why providing such a table would be in the best interest of the researchers. What does the p-value tell you about the distribution of race in the control group compared to the treatment group? Be sure to explain how you are arriving at your conclusion.

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Control Treatment Total group group Caucasian 83 38 45 African-American 13 10 23 Race? Asian 2 Hispanic Other Total 55 56 111 2. 2.