Recall Exercise 5.2.7 about investigating whether giving chest-compression-only (CC) instructions rather than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions to the witness of a heart attack will improve the victim’s chance of surviving. Researchers Hupfl et al. (The Lancet, 2010) combined the results from three randomized experiments. In each experiment, the emergency services dispatcher randomly assigned either CC or CPR instructions to the bystander who was at the site where a person had just experienced a heart attack. They found that of the 1,500 cases where CC instructions had been given, 211 people had survived, whereas out of the 1,531 cases where standard CPR instructions had been given, the number was 178.
a. Define (in words) the parameters of interest of this study. Also, assign symbols to the parameters.
b. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in words.
c. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in symbols.
d. Explain why it is valid to use the theory-based approach to test the hypotheses stated above.

e. Use an appropriate applet to find a theory-based p-value to test the above hypotheses. Report the standardized statistic as well as the p-value.
f. Use an appropriate applet to find a theory-based 95% confidence interval and interpret the resulting interval in the context of the study.
g. Based on your findings, state a complete conclusion about the study. Be sure to address significance, estimation (confidence interval), causation, and generalization.