Refer to the previous exercises. The researchers also gave each participant a score for Fear of sleeping

Refer to the previous exercises. The researchers also gave each participant a score for €œFear of sleeping because of anticipated nightmares.€ Given in the table below are the summary statistics for these scores. Note that higher scores indicate higher fear and that the data are not strongly skewed in either group.

Analyze the data using a theory-based approach to determine whether early birds differ from night owls with respect to fear of sleeping in anticipation of nightmares. Be sure to include the appropriate hypotheses, a statement about validity conditions, and numerical evidence (including p-value) in support of your decision with regard to the hypotheses. In your conclusion, include comments about statistical significance, estimation (95% CI for parameter of interest), causation, and generalization.

Data from previous exercise

Selvi et al. (2012) conducted a study on university medical students in Turkey to investigate whether and how sleep habits were associated with having nightmares. During the study, these students were engaged in lecture-based learning with no hospital duties. All participants were given initial surveys, the results of which were used to determine who among them had €œearly bird€ sleep habits and who €œnight owl€ habits. Next, the students were given the Van Dream Anxiety Scale (VDAS) assessment, which involved questions regarding nightmare frequency and dream anxiety due to frightening dreams during the last 30 days. Here are the summary statistics on nightmare frequency by €œearly bird€ and €œnight owl.€ Note that higher scores indicate higher nightmare frequency.

Analyze the data using a theory-based approach (use the Theory-based Inference applet) to determine whether early birds differ from night owls with respect to average nightmare frequency. The data are not strongly skewed within each group. Be sure to include the appropriate hypotheses, a statement about validity conditions, as well as numerical evidence (including p-value) in support of your conclusion with regard to the hypotheses. In your conclusion, include comments about statistical significance, estimation (95% confidence interval (include interpretation)), causation, and generalization.

Transcribed Image Text:

Sample Sample average Sample size SD Diagnosed early bird 67 1.22 0.99 Diagnosed night owl 59 1.49 1.19 Sample size Sample average Sample SD Diagnosed early bird 67 1.23 0.93 Diagnosed night owl 59 2.10 0.99