The data in the table come from a General Social Survey. The top row is the number of children reported for the respondents. The respondents also reported their level of happiness; Very H means Very Happy, and so on. The counts are shown in the table. Is happiness associated with having at least one child?

General Happiness : Number of Children Cross Tabulation Count

a. Merge all the Number of Children categories into two groups: those who have 0 children and those who have at least 1 child. For the rows, merge the Very Happy and Pretty Happy into one group called Happy. Rename the Not Too Happy group Not Happy. Report the new table, which should have two rows and two columns.

b. We wish to test whether happiness is associated with having children. Why was it necessary to merge categories?

c. With the merged data, determine whether there is an association between happiness and whether a person has at least one child. Use a significance level of 0.05.

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Number of Children Eight or 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 More Total 48 Very Happy Pretty happy 143 88 187 85 16 13 6 592 316 153 305 162 97 28 16 4 12 1093 Not too happy 76 33 73 51 22 12 3 277 Total 535 274 565 298 167 56 32 12 23 1962 General happiness