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mathematics
fundamentals of statistics

Questions and Answers of Fundamentals of Statistics

In their book SuperFreakonomics, authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner describe the research of behavioral economist John List. List recruited customers and dealers at a baseball-card show to
Search a newspaper, magazine, or other periodical that describes an experiment. Identify the population, experimental unit, response variable, treatment, factors, and their levels?
An engineer wants to determine the effect of temperature on battery voltage. In particular, he is interested in determining if there is a significant difference in the voltage of the batteries when
1. True or False: Observational studies are used to determine causality between explanatory and response variables.2. True or False: Generally, the goal of an experiment is to determine the effect
A(n) ______ ______ design is one in which each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment.A(n) ______ ______ design is one in which the experimental units are paired up.
Explain the difference between a single-blind and a double-blind experiment?
What is replication in an experiment?
Discuss why the order of questions or choices within a questionnaire are important in sample surveys.
Discuss the pros and cons of telephone interviews that take place during dinner time in the early evening?
What are the advantages of having a presurvey when constructing a questionnaire that has closed questions?
Discuss the benefits of having trained interviewers?
What are some solutions to non response?
Research the polling done by George Gallup in the 1936 presidential election. Write a report on your findings and include information about the sampling technique and sample size. Next, research the
Name two biases that led to the Literary Digest making an incorrect prediction in the presidential election of 1936?
During every election, pollsters conduct exit polls to help determine which candidate people voted for. During the 2004 presidential election, pollsters incorrectly predicted John Kerry the winner
In the federal government’s Current Population Survey, the response rate for 20- to 29 year olds is 85%; for individuals at least 70 years of age it is 99%. Why do you think this is?
Consider this question from a recent Gallup poll:Which of the following approaches to solving the nation’s energy problems do you think the U.S. should follow right now—[ROTATED: emphasize
Surveys tend to suffer from low response rates. Based on past experience, a researcher determines that the typical response rate for an e-mail survey is 40%. She wishes to obtain a sample of 300
What does it mean when a part of the population is underrepresented?
A pharmaceutical company wants to conduct a survey of 30 individuals who have high cholesterol. The company has obtained a list from doctors throughout the country of 6600 individuals who are known
The county sheriff wants to determine if a certain highway has a high proportion of speeders traveling on it. Design a sampling method to obtain the individuals in the sample. Be sure to support your
Target wants to open a new store in the village of Lock port. Before construction, Target’s marketers want to obtain some demographic information regarding the area under consideration. Design a
To obtain students’ opinions about proposed changes to course registration procedures, the administration of a small college asked for faculty volunteers who were willing to administer a survey in
24 Hour Fitness wants to administer a satisfaction survey to its current members. Using its membership roster, the club randomly selects 40 club members and asks them about their level of
To determine his DSL Internet connection speed, Shawn divides up the day into four parts: morning, midday, evening, and late night. He then measures his Internet connection speed at 5 randomly
The presider of a guest-lecture series at a university stands outside the auditorium before a lecture begins and hands every fifth person who arrives, beginning with the third, a speaker evaluation
A survey regarding download time on a certain website is administered on the Internet by a market research firm to anyone who would like to take it?Identify the type of sampling used.
A college official divides the student population into five classes: freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, and graduate student. The official takes a simple random sample from each class and asks the
A farmer divides his orchard into 50 subsections, randomly selects 4, and samples all the trees within the 4 subsections to approximate the yield of his orchard?Identify the type of sampling used.
A radio station asks its listeners to call in their opinion regarding the use of U.S. forces in peacekeeping missions?Identify the type of sampling used.
In an effort to identify whether an advertising campaign has been effective, a marketing firm conducts a nationwide poll by randomly selecting individuals from a list of known users of the
A member of Congress wishes to determine her constituency’s opinion regarding estate taxes. She divides her constituency into three income classes: low-income households, middle- income households,
To determine customer opinion of its boarding policy, Southwest Airlines randomly selects 60 flights during a certain week and surveys all passengers on the flights?Identify the type of sampling used.
To estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing batch, a quality-control manager at Intel selects every 8th chip that comes off the assembly line starting with the 3rd until she
A(n) _____ sample is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous groups and randomly selecting individuals from each group?
A(n) _____ sample is obtained by dividing the population into groups and selecting all individuals from within a random sample of the groups?
Which sampling method does not require a frame?
Describe a circumstance in which stratified sampling would be an appropriate sampling method?
To determine the prevalence of human growth hormone (HGH) use among high school varsity baseball players, the State Athletic Commission randomly selects 50 high schools. All members of the selected
What does it mean when sampling is done without replacement?
Sixty patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are randomly divided into two groups. One group is treated weekly with both acupuncture and an exercise regimen. The other is treated weekly with the exact
Two hundred people are asked to perform a taste test in which they drink from two randomly placed, unmarked cups and asked which drink they prefer?Determine whether the study depicts an observational
A survey is conducted asking 400 people, “Do you prefer Coke or Pepsi?”Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment.
A study in which balding men were compared with non-balding men at one point in time found that balding men were 70% more likely to have heart disease?Determine whether the study depicts an
Seventh-grade students are randomly divided into two groups. One group is taught math using traditional techniques;the other is taught math using a reform method. After 1 year, each group is given
Rats with cancer are divided into two groups. One group receives 5 milligrams (mg) of a medication that is thought to fight cancer, and the other receives 10 mg. After 2 years, the spread of the
The American Cancer Society is beginning a study to learn why some people never get cancer. To take part in the study, a person must be 30–65 years of age and never had cancer. The study requires
Explain why it would be unlikely to use a designed experiment to answer the research question posed in Example 3?
The age of a person is commonly considered to be a continuous random variable. Could it be considered a discrete random variable instead? Explain.
A community college notices that an increasing number of full-time students are working while attending the school. The administration randomly selects 128 students and asks how many hours per week
Contrast the differences between qualitative and quantitative variables?
Every year the U.S. Census Bureau releases the Current Population Report based on a survey of 50,000 households. The goal of this report is to learn the demographic characteristics, such as income,
A farmer interested in the weight of his soybean crop randomly samples 100 plants and weighs the soybeans on each plant?A research objective is presented. For each, identify the population and sample
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.1. Following the 2014 national midterm election, 18% of the governors of the 50 United States were female. 2. The average
Fill in the blank1. A(n) ___________ is a person or object that is a member of the population being studied?2. _______ statistics consists of organizing and summarizing information collected, while
Officers for the Department of Motor Vehicles pull aside every 40th tractor trailer passing through a weigh station, starting with the 12th, for an emissions test?Determine the type of sampling used.
Thirty-five sophomores, 22 juniors, and 35 seniors are randomly selected to participate in a study from 574 sophomores, 462 juniors, and 532 seniors at a certain high school?Determine the type of
An Internet service provider randomly selects 15 residential blocks from a large city and surveys every household in these 15 blocks to determine the number that would use a high-speed Internet
On election day, a pollster for Fox News positions herself outside a polling place near her home and asks the first 50 voters leaving the facility to complete a survey?Determine the type of sampling
A sample of 504 patients in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease is divided into two groups. One group receives an experimental drug; the other receives a placebo. The advance of the disease in the
A parent group examines 25 randomly selected PG-13 movies and 25 randomly selected PG movies, records the number of sexual innuendos and curse words that occur in each, and then compares the number

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