Your friend Tony has many ideas. Five times a week, he calls you and explains to you a new device he invented. However, few of these devices address a user need. Are these ideas innovation? 

a. Yes, because they are novel. 

b. Yes, because he invented them. 

c. No, because they don’t address a user need. 

d. No, at best they are opportunities, because without user need and value, they are still at the embryonic stage. 

e. c and d. 

f. a and b.