The presence of additional nitro groups can have an impact on the temperature at which a nucleophilic aromatic substitution will readily occur. Consider the following example.

When both R groups are hydrogen atoms, the reaction readily occurs at 130°C. When one of the R groups is a nitro group, the reaction readily occurs at 100°C. When both R groups are nitro groups, the reaction readily occurs at 35°C.

(a) Provide an explanation that justifies the lower temperature requirement with additional nitro groups.

(b) If a fourth nitro group is placed on the ring, would you expect the temperature requirement to be further lowered? Explain your answer.

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ОН .R R. 1) NaOH 2) Н,о* NO2 NO2 R. R.