How did Stern and Gerlach conclude that the operator measure the z component of the magnetic moment

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How did Stern and Gerlach conclude that the operator “measure the z component of the magnetic moment of an Ag atom” has only two eigenfunctions with eigenvalues that have the same magnitude and opposite sign?

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Physical Chemistry

ISBN: 978-0321812001

3rd edition

Authors: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid

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