One mole of H 2 O(l) is super cooled to 3.75C at 1 bar pressure. The freezing
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One mole of H2O(l) is super cooled to −3.75°C at 1 bar pressure. The freezing temperature of water at this pressure is 0.00°C. The transformation H2O(l) → H2O(s) is suddenly observed to occur. By calculating ΔS, ΔS surroundings , and ΔS total , verify that this transformation is spontaneous at −3.75°C. The heat capacities are given by CP,m(H2O(l)) = 75.3 J K-1 mol-1 and CP,m(H2O(s)) 37.7 J K-1 mol-1 , and ΔH fusion = 6.008 kJ mol–1 at 0.00°C. Assume that the surroundings are at −3.75°C. [Consider the two pathways at 1 bar:
a. H2O(l, − 3.75°C) → H2O(s, − 3.75°C)
b. H2O(l,−3.75°C) → H2O(l, 0.00°C) → H2O(s, 0.00°C) → H2O(s,−3.75°C). Because S is a state function, ΔS must be the same for both pathways.]
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