The thermodynamic force has a direction as well as a magnitude, and in a three-dimensional ideal system eqn 19C.7 becomes F=–RTΔ(ln c). What is the thermodynamic force acting to bring about the diffusion summarized by eqn 19C.12 (that of a solute initially suspended at the centre of a flask of solvent)? 

Data in eqn 19C.12

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c(x,t)= no 8(πDt) 3/2 e-²/4Dt Three-dimensional diffusion (19C.12)