A restaurant owner has hired a manager to run the daily operations of her restaurant. Restaurant profits depend on both the manager’s unobservable effort level and random fluctuations in demand. The expected value of restaurant profits if the manager exerts effort, e, is given by e/2. Effort costs the manager 0.25e2. If the risk neutral manager’s salary is a percentage, c, of restaurant profits, how much effort should we expect the manager to exert? What is the optimal value of c from the owner’s perspective? How does the level of effort compare with the optimal level if the manager was also the owner of the restaurant?

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