D iscuss the status of Jewish communities in the Middle East from 1800 until the present, with a special focus on the emergence of the state of Israel in 1948. It is clear from our readings that historians hotly contest the social conditions and historical representations of Jewish minorities in the region (e.g., Were they an increasingly vulnerable community subject to widespread discrimination as the modern age progressed, or were they integral parts of Islamic societies who identified culturally with their Muslim and Christian neighbors before the politics of Zionism and the Arab-Israeli conflict uprooted and dispersed them?). What is your assessment?

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Introduction Modern Israel owes its origins to the Zionism movement that was established in the nineteenth century by the Jews in the Russian Empire They were the ones that called out for the establis... View the full answer