Based on the results of the Marshall test for the design of mixed materials (wearing course) as

Based on the results of the Marshall test for the design of mixed materials (wearing 

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course) as shown in Table 1, determine the optimum bitumen content for the mixture of such materials. Table 1: Marshall Test Results Air Asphalt Density Voids VMA Stability Flow (%) 18.9 23.9 22.8 (%) (kg/m) (%) (kg) (mm) 4.5 2.154 6.3 1220 2.2 5.0 2.35 5.2 1385 2.5 5.5 2.418 4.5 1450 3.7 6.0 2.316 3.9 26.7 1405 4.2 6.5 2.205 3.2 30.8 1350 4.9 Note: VFA = 100[(VMA-VTM)/VMA] Stiffness = Stability/Flow course) as shown in Table 1, determine the optimum bitumen content for the mixture of such materials. Table 1: Marshall Test Results Air Asphalt Density Voids VMA Stability Flow (%) 18.9 23.9 22.8 (%) (kg/m) (%) (kg) (mm) 4.5 2.154 6.3 1220 2.2 5.0 2.35 5.2 1385 2.5 5.5 2.418 4.5 1450 3.7 6.0 2.316 3.9 26.7 1405 4.2 6.5 2.205 3.2 30.8 1350 4.9 Note: VFA = 100[(VMA-VTM)/VMA] Stiffness = Stability/Flow