Tempered glass panels are produced using slow expansion and rapid cooling. A glass panel starts square with a side length of s and thickness of t as shown in the figure. During the tempering process, a temperature change ΔT is applied to the glass panes. The panes are then quenched, which fixes the x and y side lengths as s + Δs but allows motion in the z-direction. The panes are cooled slowly back to the initial temperature.

The panes have an elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio ν, and coefficient of thermal expansion α.

Determine all the nonzero strain components between the "before" and "apply ΔT" steps in terms of any of E, ν, ΔT, and α.

S S t y x