Data 4.3 on page 224 describes a study of a possible relationship between the perceived malevolence of a team€™s uniform and penalties called against the team. In Exercise 4.133 on page 279 we consider a randomization distribution to test for a positive correlation for National Hockey League teams using the NHLMalevolence and ZPenMin data in MalevolentUniformsNHL. Repeat this test, using the fact that the randomization distribution is reasonably normal to find and interpret a p-value.  

Data 4.3 on page 224

Frank and Gilovich4 describe a study of relationships between the type of uniforms worn by professional sports teams and the aggressiveness of the team. They consider teams from the National Football League (NFL) and National Hockey League (NHL). Participants with no knowledge of the teams rated the jerseys on characteristics such as timid/aggressive, nice/mean, and good/bad. The averages of these responses produced a €˜€˜malevolence€ index with higher scores signifying impressions of more malevolent (evil-looking) uniforms. To measure aggressiveness, the authors used the amount of penalties (yards for football and minutes for hockey) converted to z-scores and averaged for each team over the seasons from 1970 to 1986. The data are shown in Table 4.1 and stored in MalevolentUniformsNFL and MalevolentUniformsNHL.

Table 4.1

Transcribed Image Text:

NFLTeam LA Raiders Pittsburgh Malevolence 5.10 ZPenYds 1.19 NHLTeam Malevolence 533 ZPenMin 0.88 Vancouver 5.00 048 Philadelphia Boston New Jersey Pittsburgh Chicago Montreal 5.17 2.01 5.13 4.45 Cincinnati 4.97 0.27 0.42 New Orleans Chicago Kansas City Washington St Louis 4.83 a.10 -0.78 4.68 0.29 4.27 0.64 4.58 -a.19 4.18 -0.02 4.40 -0.07 4.18 -0.70 4.15 4.27 -01 Detroit 0.44 NY Jets 4.12 a.01 Edmonton 4.15 0.58 LA Rams 4.10 -0.09 Calgary LA Kings Buffalo 4.13 -0.40 Cleveland 4.05 0.44 4.05 -0.20 San Diego Green Bay Philadelphia Minnesota 4.05 0.27 4.00 -0.68 4.00 -0.73 Minnesota NY Rangers NY Islanders Winnipeg St. Louis Washington Toronto 4.00 -0.11 3.97 -0.49 3.90 -0.31 -081 3.90 3.80 -0.35 Atlanta 3.87 0.30 3.78 -0.30 Indianapolis San Francisco 3.83 -a.19 3.75 -0.09 3.83 0.09 3.73 -0.07 0.02 Seattle 3.82 3.58 0.34 0.24 Denver 3.80 Quebec 333 0.41 Tampa Bay New England Buffalo 3.77 -041 Hartford 332 -0.34 3.60 -a.18 3.53 3.38 Q.63 Detroit 0.04 NY Giants 3.27 -0.32 Dallas 3.15 0.23 Houston 2.88 0.38 Miami 2.80 -1.60