Table 11.10, summarized again here, showed the associations between death penalty opinion and gender or race.

a. True or false: The table with the larger X² statistic necessarily has the stronger association. Explain.
b. To make an inference about the strength of association in the population, you can construct confidence intervals around the sample differences of proportions. The 95% confidence intervals are (0.15, 0.28) comparing whites and blacks and (0.04, 0.12) comparing males and females. In the population, can you make a conclusion about which variable is more strongly associated with the death penalty opinion? Explain.

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Opinion Opinion Favor Favor gender Oppose Oppose race female male black 70% 30% 69% 31% white 48% 52% 61% 39%