The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a randomized trial in South Africa designed to test the effectiveness of an inexpensive wipe to be used during childbirth to prevent infections. Half of the mothers were randomly assigned to have their birth canal wiped with a wipe treated with a drug called chlorohexidine before giving birth, and the other half to get wiped with a sterile wipe (a placebo). The response variable is whether or not the newborns develop an infection. The CDC hopes to find out whether there is evidence that babies delivered by the women getting the treated wipe are less likely to develop an infection.

(a) Define the relevant parameter(s) and state the null and alternative hypotheses.

(b) What is/are the sample statistic(s) to be used to test this claim?

(c) If the results are statistically significant, what would that imply about the wipes and infections?

(d) If the results are not statistically significant, what would that imply about the wipes and infections?