The screen shot from the GSS website shows standardized residuals (called Z-statistics) and cell counts for 2012 GSS data on happiness (the column) and marital status (the row). The color coding is based on the magnitude of the Z-statistic (= standardized residual) and is explained in the legend. Summarize the association by indicating which marital statuses have strong evidence of 

(i) More

(ii) Fewer people in the population in the Very Happy category than if the variables were independent.

Transcribed Image Text:

Frequency Distribution НАРPY Cells contain: 3 2 -Z-statistic NOT ROW TOO TOTAL VERY PRETTY HAPPY HAPPY -N of cases НАРPY 10.3 -3.8 -8.1 1: MARRIED 375 458 64 897 -2.4 1.2 1.5 2: WIDOWED 35 97 29 161 -4.2 2.8 60 1.9 3: DIVORCED 64 191 315 MARITAL -2.7 -1.2 5.3 4: SEPARATED 10 32 24 66 -5.5 2.4 3.8 5: NEVER MARRIED 100 109 316 525 COL TOTAL 1,964 593 1,094 277 Color coding: <-2,0 <-1.0 <0.0 >0.0 >1.0 2.0 z N in each cell: Smaller than expected Larger than expected