Victoria Company has investments in equity securities classified as trading and available for sale. At the beginning of the year, the aggregate market value of each portfolio exceeded its cost. During the year, Victoria sold some securities from each portfolio. At the end of the year, the aggregate cost of each portfolio exceeded its market value. Victoria also has investments in bonds classified as held to maturity, all of which were purchased for face value. During the year, some of these bonds held by Victoria were called prior to their maturity by the bond issuer. Three months before the end of the year, additional similar bonds were purchased for face value plus two months’ accrued interest.

Required
1. a. Explain how Victoria accounts for the sale of securities from each portfolio.
b. Explain how Victoria accounts for each equity securities portfolio at year-end.
2. Explain how Victoria accounts for the disposition prior to their maturity of the long-term bonds called by their issuer.
3. Explain how Victoria reports the purchase of the additional similar bonds at the date of the acquisition.