Which is better? With the success of Bethune in motivating his employees for strong positive change in the organization, one would think Theory Y is the only way to go. McGregor certainly thought so and predicted that giving workers more participation, freedom, and responsibility would result in high productivity.
So, is there any room for a Theory X manager today? If so, under what circumstances?

Douglas McGregor, in his famous book, The Human Side of Enterprise, advanced the thesis of two different types of managers, the traditional Theory X manager with rather low opinion of subordinates, and his new Theory Y manager, whom we might call a human-relations type of manager.
Schermerhorn contrasts the two styles as follows:

Theory X views subordinates as:
Disliking work
Lacking in ambition
Irresponsible
Resistant to change
Preferring to be led than to lead

Theory Y sees subordinates this way:
Willing to work
Willing to accept responsibility
Capable of self-direction
Capable of self-control
Capable of imagination, ingenuity, creativity