1. What perspective(s) of organizational effectiveness best describe the application of lean management practices? Describe how specific elements of that perspective relate to the interventions described in this case study.
2. Does lean management ignore some perspectives of organizational effectiveness? If so, what are the unintended consequences of these practices that might undermine rather than improve the organization’s effectiveness?
3. In what situations, if any, would it be difficult or risky to apply lean management practices? What conditions make these practices challenging in these situations?