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Finance
How is the net present value (NPV) calculated for a project with a conventional cash flow pattern?
What are the acceptance criteria for NPV? How are they related to the firm’s market value?
Explain the similarities and differences between NPV, PI, and EVA.
What is the internal rate of return (IRR) on an investment? How is it determined?
What are the acceptance criteria for IRR? How are they related to the firm’s market value?
Do the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) always agree with respect to accept–reject decisions? With respect to ranking decisions? Explain.
How is a net present value profile used to compare projects? What causes conflicts in the ranking of projects via net present value and internal rate of return?
Does the assumption concerning the reinvestment of intermediate cash inflow tend to favor NPV or IRR? In practice, which technique is preferred and why?
Elysian Fields, Inc., uses a maximum payback period of 6 years and currently must choose between two mutually exclusive projects. Project Hydrogen requires an initial outlay of $25,000; project
Herky Foods is considering acquisition of a new wrapping machine. The initial investment is estimated at $1.25 million, and the machine will have a 5-year life with no salvage value. Using a 6%
Axis Corp. is considering investment in the best of two mutually exclusive projects. Project Kelvin involves an overhaul of the existing system; it will cost $45,000 and generate cash inflows of
Billabong Tech uses the internal rate of return (IRR) to select projects. Calculate the IRR for each of the following projects and recommend the best project based on this measure. Project T-Shirt
Cooper Electronics uses NPV profiles to visually evaluate competing projects. Key data for the two projects under consideration are given in the following table. Using these data, graph, on the same
Jordan Enterprises is considering a capital expenditure that requires an initial investment of $42,000 and returns after-tax cash inflows of $7,000 per year for 10 years. The firm has a maximum
Nova Products has a 5-year maximum acceptable payback period. The firm is considering the purchase of a new machine and must choose between two alternative ones. The first machine requires an
Shell Camping Gear, Inc., is considering two mutually exclusive projects. Each requires an initial investment of $100,000. John Shell, president of the company, has set a maximum payback period of 4
Bill Williams has the opportunity to invest in project A that costs $9,000 today and promises to pay annual end-of-year payments of $2,200, $2,500, $2,500, $2,000, and $1,800 over the next 5 years.
Calculate the net present value (NPV) for the following 20-year projects. Comment on the acceptability of each. Assume that the firm has an opportunity cost of 14%.a. Initial investment is $10,000;
Dane Cosmetics is evaluating a new fragrancemixing machine. The machine requires an initial investment of $24,000 and will generate after-tax cash inflows of $5,000 per year for 8 years. For each of
Using a 14% cost of capital, calculate the net present value for each of the independent projects shown in the following table, and indicate whether each isacceptable.
Simes Innovations, Inc., is negotiating to purchase exclusive rights to manufacture and market a solar-powered toy car. The car’s inventor has offered Simes the choice of either a one-time payment
A firm can purchase a fixed asset for a $13,000 initial investment. The asset generates an annual after-tax cash inflow of $4,000 for 4 years. a. Determine the net present value (NPV) of the asset,
Hook Industries is considering the replacement of one of its old drill presses. Three alternative replacement presses are under consideration. The relevant cash flows associated with each are shown
Jenny Jenks has researched the financial pros and cons of entering into an elite MBA program at her state university. The tuition and needed books for a master’s program will have an upfront cost
Neil Corporation has three projects under consideration. The cash flows for each project are shown in the following table. The firm has a 16% cost of capital.a. Calculate each project's payback
A project costs $2.5 million up front and will generate cash flows in perpetuity of $240,000. The firm’s cost of capital is 9%.a. Calculate the project’s NPV.b. Calculate the annual EVA in a
For each of the projects shown in the following table, calculate the internal rate of return (IRR). Then indicate, for each project, the maximum cost of capital that the firm could have and
Bell Manufacturing is attempting to choose the better of two mutually exclusive projects for expanding the firms warehouse capacity. The relevant cash flows for the projects are shown in
Billy and Mandy Jones have $25,000 to invest. On average, they do not make any investment that will not return at least 7.5% per year. They have been approached with an investment opportunity that
Oak Enterprises accepts projects earning more than the firm’s 15% cost of capital. Oak is currently considering a 10-year project that provides annual cash inflows of $10,000 and requires an
Benson Designs has prepared the following estimates for a longterm project it is considering. The initial investment is $18,250, and the project is expected to yield after-tax cash inflows of $4,000
Botany Bay, Inc., a maker of casual clothing, is considering four projects. Because of past financial difficulties, the company has a high cost of capital at 15%. Which of these projects would be
Nicholson Roofing Materials, Inc., is considering two mutually exclusive projects, each with an initial investment of $150,000. The companys board of directors has set a maximum 4-year
Rieger International is attempting to evaluate the feasibility of investing $95,000 in a piece of equipment that has a 5-year life. The firm has estimated the cash inflows associated with the
Thomas Company is considering two mutually exclusive projects. The firm, which has a 12% cost of capital, has estimated its cash flows as shown in the following table.a. Calculate the NPV of each
Pound Industries is attempting to select the best of three mutually exclusive projects. The initial investment and after-tax cash inflows associated with these projects are shown in the following
Projects A and B, of equal risk, are alternatives for expanding Rosa Company's capacity. The firm's cost of capital is 13%. The cash flows for each project are shown in the following table.a.
Froogle Enterprises is evaluating an unusual investment project. What makes the project unusual is the stream of cash inflows and outflows shown in the following table:Year Cash flow0 ....... $
The High-Flying Growth Company (HFGC) has been growing very rapidly in recent years, making its shareholders rich in the process. The average annual rate of return on the stock in the last few years
Gap, Inc., is trying to incorporate human resource and supplier considerations into its management decision making. Here is Gap’s report of findings from a recent Social Responsibility
Why is it important to evaluate capital budgeting projects on the basis of incremental cash flows?
What three components of cash flow may exist for a given project? How can expansion decisions be treated as replacement decisions? Explain.
What effect do sunk costs and opportunity costs have on a project’s incremental cash flows?
How can currency risk and political risk be minimized when one is making foreign direct investment?
Explain how each of the following inputs is used to calculate the initial investment: (a) Cost of new asset, (b) Installation costs, (c) Proceeds from sale of old asset, (d) Tax on sale of old asset,
How is the book value of an asset calculated? What are the two key forms of taxable income?
What three tax situations may result from the sale of an asset that is being replaced?
Referring to the basic format for calculating initial investment, explain how a firm would determine the depreciable value of the new asset.
How does depreciation enter into the calculation of operating cash inflows? How does the income statement format in Table 11.6 relate to Equation 4.3 for finding operating cash flow(OCF)?
How are the incremental (relevant) operating cash inflows that are associated with a replacement decision calculated?
Explain how the terminal cash flow is calculated for replacement projects.
Diagram and describe the three components of the relevant cash flows for a capital budgeting project.
If Halley Industries reimburses employees who earn master’s degrees and who agree to remain with the firm for an additional 3 years, should the expense of the tuition reimbursement be categorized
Iridium Corp. has spent $3.5 billion over the past decade developing a satellitebased telecommunication system. It is currently trying to decide whether to spend an additional $350 million on the
Canvas Reproductions, Inc., has spent $4,500 dollars researching a new project. The project requires $20,000 worth of new machinery, which would cost $3,000 to install. The company would realize
A few years ago, Largo Industries implemented an inventory auditing system at an installed cost of $175,000. Since then, it has taken depreciation deductions totaling $124,250. What is the system’s
Bryson Sciences is planning to purchase a high-powered microscopy machine for $55,000 and incur an additional $7,500 in installation expenses. It is replacing similar microscopy equipment that can be
Given the following list of outlays, indicate whether each is normally considered a capital expenditure or an operating expenditure. Explain your answers.a. An initial lease payment of $5,000 for
For each of the following projects, determine the relevant cash flows, and depict the cash flows on a time line.a. A project that requires an initial investment of $120,000 and will generate annual
Edison Systems has estimated the cash flows over the 5-year lives for two projects, A and B. These cash flows are summarized in the table below.a. If project A were actually a replacement for project
Masters Golf Products, Inc., spent 3 years and $1,000,000 to develop its new line of club heads to replace a line that is becoming obsolete. To begin manufacturing them, the company will have to
Covol Industries is developing the relevant cash flows associated with the proposed replacement of an existing machine tool with a new, technologically advanced one. Given the following costs related
Dave and Ann Stone have been living at their present home for the past 6 years. During that time, they have replaced the water heater for $375, have replaced the dishwasher for $599, and have had to
Find the book value for each of the assets shown in the accompanying table, assuming that MACRS depreciation is beingused.
Troy Industries purchased a new machine 3 years ago for $80,000. It is being depreciated under MACRS with a 5-year recovery period using the percentages given in Table 4.2. Assume a 40% tax rate.a.
For each of the following cases, determine the total taxes resulting from the transaction. Assume a 40% tax rate. The asset was purchased 2 years ago for $200,000 and is being depreciated under MACRS
Samuels Manufacturing is considering the purchase of a new machine to replace one it believes is obsolete. The firm has total current assets of $920,000 and total current liabilities of $640,000. As
Vastine Medical, Inc., is considering replacing its existing computer system, which was purchased 2 years ago at a cost of $325,000. The system can be sold today for $200,000. It is being depreciated
Cushing Corporation is considering the purchase of a new grading machine to replace the existing one. The existing machine was purchased 3 years ago at an installed cost of $20,000; it was being
Edwards Manufacturing Company (EMC) is considering replacing one machine with another. The old machine was purchased 3 years ago for an installed cost of $10,000. The firm is depreciating the machine
DuPree Coffee Roasters, Inc., wishes to expand and modernize its facilities. The installed cost of a proposed computer-controlled automatic-feed roaster will be $130,000. The firm has a chance to
A firm is evaluating the acquisition of an asset that costs $64,000 and requires $4,000 in installation costs. If the firm depreciates the asset under MACRS, using a 5-year recovery period, determine
A firm is considering renewing its equipment to meet increased demand for its product. The cost of equipment modifications is $1.9 million plus $100,000 in installation costs. The firm will
Richard and Linda Thomson operate a local lawn maintenance service for commercial and residential property. They have been using a John Deere riding mower for the past several years and feel it is
Miller Corporation is considering replacing a machine. The replacement will reduce operating expenses (that is, increase earnings before depreciation, interest, and taxes) by $16,000 per year for
Strong Tool Company has been considering purchasing a new lathe to replace a fully depreciated lathe that will last 5 more years. The new lathe is expected to have a 5-year life and depreciation
Scenic Tours, Inc., is a provider of bus tours throughout the New England area. The corporation is considering the replacement of 10 of its older buses. The existing buses were purchased 4 years ago
Looner Industries is currently analyzing the purchase of a new machine that costs $160,000 and requires $20,000 in installation costs. Purchase of this machine is expected to result in an increase in
Russell Industries is considering replacing a fully depreciated machine that has a remaining useful life of 10 years with a newer, more sophisticated machine. The new machine will cost $200,000 and
Marcus Tube, a manufacturer of high-quality aluminum tubing, has maintained stable sales and profits over the past 10 years. Although the market for aluminum tubing has been expanding by 3% per year,
Central Laundry and Cleaners is considering replacing an existing piece of machinery with a more sophisticated machine. The old machine was purchased 3 years ago at a cost of $50,000, and this amount
Lombard Company is contemplating the purchase of a new high-speed widget grinder to replace the existing grinder. The existing grinder was purchased 2 years ago at an installed cost of $60,000; it
Jan and Deana have been dreaming about owning a boat for some time and have decided that estimating its cash flows will help them in their decision process. They expect to have a disposable annual
Atlantic Drydock is considering replacing an existing hoist with one of two newer, more efficient pieces of equipment. The existing hoist is 3 years old, cost $32,000, and is being depreciated under
Are most mutually exclusive capital budgeting projects equally risky? If you think about a firm as a portfolio of many different kinds of investments, how can the acceptance of a project change a
Define risk in terms of the cash flows from a capital budgeting project. How can determination of the breakeven cash inflow be used to gauge project risk?
Describe how each of the following behavioral approaches can be used to deal with project risk: (a) Scenario analysis and (b) Simulation.
Briefly explain how the following items affect the capital budgeting decisions of multinational companies: (a) Exchange rate risk; (b) Political risk; (c) Tax law differences; (d) Transfer pricing;
Describe the basic procedures involved in using risk-adjusted discount rates (RADRs). How is this approach related to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)?
Explain why a firm whose stock is actively traded in the securities markets need not concern itself with diversification. In spite of this, how is the risk of capital budgeting projects frequently
How are risk classes often used to apply RADRs?
Explain why a mere comparison of the NPVs of unequal-lived, ongoing, mutually exclusive projects is inappropriate. Describe the annualized net present value (ANPV) approach for comparing
What are real options? What are some major types of real options?
What is the difference between the strategic NPV and the traditional NPV? Do they always result in the same accept–reject decisions?
What is capital rationing? In theory, should capital rationing exist? Why does it frequently occur in practice?
Compare and contrast the internal rate of return approach and the net present value approach to capital rationing. Which is better? Why?
Birkenstock is considering an investment in a nylon-knitting machine. The machine requires an initial investment of $25,000, has a 5-year life, and has no residual value at the end of the 5 years.
You wish to evaluate a project requiring an initial investment of $45,000 and having a useful life of 5 years. What minimum amount of annual cash inflow do you need if your firm has an 8% cost of
Like most firms in its industry, Yeastime Bakeries uses a subjective risk assessment tool of its own design. The tool is a simple index by which projects are ranked by level of perceived risk on a
Outcast, Inc., has hired you to advise the firm on a capital budgeting issue involving two unequal-lived, mutually exclusive projects, M and N. The cash flows for each project are presented in the
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