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Questions and Answers of
Finance
What problems may be indicated by an average collection period that is substantially above or below the industry average?
What problems may be indicated by an inventory turnover ratio that is substantially above or below the industry average?
What factors limit the use of the fixed-asset turnover ratio in comparative analyses?
What are the three most important determinants of a firm’s return on stockholders’ equity?
What specific effects can the use of alternative accounting procedures have on the validity of comparative financial analyses?
How can inflation affect the comparability of financial ratios between firms?
What is the relationship between a firm’s P/E multiple and that firm’s risk and growth potential?
Discuss the general factors that influence the quality of a company’s reported earnings and its balance sheet.
Why would you anticipate a lower P/E ratio for a typical natural gas utility than for a computer technology firm, such as Dell Computer?
Many large corporations, such as General Motors, have written off large amounts of their nonperforming (or poorly performing) assets as they have shrunk their operations. What is the impact of these
The Farmers State Bank recently has been earning an “above average” (compared to the overall banking industry) return on total assets of 1.50 percent. The bank’s return on common equity is only
What is the relationship between EVA and MVA?
Vanity Press, Inc., has annual credit sales of $1,600,000 and a gross profit margin of 35 percent.a. If the firm wishes to maintain an average collection period of 50 days, what level of accounts
Pacific Fixtures lists the following accounts as part of its balance sheet.Total assets $................................................... 10,000,000Accounts payable
Clovis Industries had sales in 2006 of $40 million, 20 percent of which were cash. If Clovis normally carries 45 days of credit sales in accounts receivable, what are its average accounts receivable
Williams Oil Company had a return on stockholders’ equity of 18 percent during 2006. Its total asset turnover was 1.0 times, and its equity multiplier was 2.0 times. Calculate the company’s net
Using the data in the following table for a number of firms in the same industry, do the following:a. Compute the total asset turnover, the net profit margin, the equity multiplier, and the return on
Tarheel Furniture Company is planning to establish a wholly owned subsidiary to manufacture upholstery fabrics. Tarheel expects to earn $1 million after taxes on the venture during the first year.
The Sooner Equipment Company has total assets of $100 million. Of this total, $40 million was financed with common equity and $60 million with debt (both long- and short-term). Its average accounts
The Jamesway Printing Corporation has current assets of $3.0 million. Of this total, $1.0 million is inventory, $0.5 million is cash, $1.0 million is accounts receivable, and the balance is
Gulf Controls, Inc., has a net profit margin of 10 percent and earnings after taxes of $600,000. Its current balance sheet follows:a. Calculate Gulfs return on stockholders
Using the following data for Jackson Products Company, answer Parts a through g:Jackson Products Company's Balance SheetIndustry AveragesCurrent ratio ..................2.5:1Quick ratio
Given the following data for Profiteers, Inc., and the corresponding industry averages, perform a trend analysis of the return on investment and the return on stockholders equity. Plot
If a company sells additional common stock and uses the proceeds to increase its inventory level and to increase its cash balances, what is the near-term (immediate) impact (increase, decrease, no
Keystone Resources has a net profit margin of 8 percent and earnings after taxes of $2 million. Its current balance sheet is as follows:a. Calculate Keystones return on
Palmer Chocolates, a maker of chocolates that specializes in Easter candy, had the following inventories over the past year:Month Inventory AmountJanuary ......... $25,000,000February
The stock of Jenkins Corporation, a major steel producer, is currently selling for $50 per share. The book value per share is $125. In contrast, the price per share of Dataquest’s stock is $40,
Hoffman Paper Company, a profitable distributor of stationery and office supplies, has an agreement with its banks that allows Hoffman to borrow money on a short-term basis to finance its inventories
Sun Minerals, Inc., is considering issuing additional long-term debt to finance an expansion. Currently, the company has $50 million in 10 percent debt outstanding. Its after-tax net income is $12
The balance sheet and income statement of Eastland Products, Inc., are as follows:Income Statement for Year Ended December 31, 2006(in Millions of Dollars)Sales .........$120Cost of sales ......
Thompson Electronics, Inc., is presently 100 percent equity financed and has assets of $100 million. Thompson’s present net income is $9 million, and the company’s marginal and average tax rates
Fill in the balance sheet for the Jamestown Company based on the following data (assume a 365-day year):Sales = $3,650,000Total asset turnover =4xCurrent ratio = 3:1Quick ratio = 2:1Current
The Southwick Company has the following balance sheet ($000): Financial Ratios Current ratio ........ 1.92Quick ratio ....... 1.08Debt-to-equity ratio ...... 0.79Evaluate the impact of each
Armbrust Corporation is the maker of fine fitness equipment. Armbrust’s bank has been pressuring the firm to improve its liquidity. Which of the following actions proposed by the CFO do you believe
What are the differences between the operating income, capital gains income, and dividend income of a corporation: At approximately what rates are these different types of income taxed?
What is an S corporation?
What do you think is the reason for the 70 percent corporate-dividend exclusion?
Last year, Idaho Steel Corporation had taxable ordinary income of $2 million and capital gains income of $500,000. The company also had $50,000 in dividend income and paid its stockholders $150,000
Last year the Selling Corporation had earnings before interest and taxes (operating income) equal to $1 million. It paid $200,000 in dividends to its stockholders and $100,000 in interest to its
Clapper Industries reported taxable income of $290,000.a. What is Clapper’s marginal tax rate based on the corporate tax rate table in this appendix?b. What is Clapper’s average tax rate?c. If
Using the tax rates shown in Table, determine the expected annual tax liability of Kaiser Enterprises (a new firm formed in 2004), if the firm anticipates the following stream of taxable income:Year
The CIG Power Corporation expects to report earnings before interest and taxes of $25 million this year. Management has determined that the firm needs $10 million of new capital this year to fund its
Canon Corporation expects to receive $3 million of dividend income from the shares of stock it holds in Fuji Enterprises. Canon currently owns 15 percent of Fuji’s outstanding stock. Canon’s
Patriot Industries recently sold its fin fabrication machine for $150,000. The machine originally cost $500,000 and has a current book value of $100,000. Patriot’s marginal tax rate is 35 percent
Amexicorp, Inc., a producer of security systems, had sales of $400 million, cost of goods sold of $150 million, operating expenses of $100 million, and interest expense of $100 million. Amexicorp
What are deferred taxes, and how do they come into being?
What are pro forma financial statements?
What is the percentage of sales forecasting method? What are some of the limitations financial analysts should be aware of in applying this method?
What is a cash budget? What are the usual steps involved in preparing a cash budget?
Illustrate how the statement of cash flows can be used as a financial planning technique.
Explain the difference between deterministic and probabilistic financial planning models.
Last year, Blue Lake Mines, Inc., had earnings after tax of $650,000. Included in its expenses were depreciation of $400,000 and deferred taxes of $100,000. The company also purchased new capital
Refer to the Summit Furniture Company example (Table). Recalculate the cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2005 assuming that(1) The company had 2005 capital expenditures of $22,000;(2) It paid
Prepare a statement of cash flows (using the indirect method) for the Midland Manufacturing Corporation for the year ending December 2004, based on the following comparative balance sheets.*Net
Consider the Industrial Supply Company example (Table). Assume that the company plans to maintain its dividend payments at the same level in 2007 as in 2006. Also assume that all of the additional
Prepare a cash budget for Atlas Products, Inc., for the first quarter of 2006, based on the following information.The budgeting section of the corporate finance department of Atlas Products has
Prepare a cash budget for Elmwood Manufacturing Company for the first three months of 2007 based on the following information:The company has found that approximately 40 percent of sales are
The Podrasky Corporation is considering a $200 million expansion (capital expenditure) program next year. The company wants to know approximately how much additional financing (if any) will be
Baldwin Products Company anticipates reaching a sales level of $6 million in one year. The company expects earnings after taxes during the next year to equal $400,000. During the past several years,
In the Industrial Supply Company example (Table) it was assumed that the companys fixed assets were being used at nearly full capacity and that net fixed assets would have to increase
Berea Resources is planning a $75 million capital expenditure program for the coming year. Next year, Berea expects to report to the IRS earnings of $40 million after interest and taxes. The company
Appalachian Registers, Inc. (ARI) has current sales of $50 million. Sales are expected to grow to $75 million next year. ARI currently has accounts receivable of $10 million, inventories of $15
Why does the typical firm need to make investments in working capital?
Define and describe the difference between the operating cycle and cash conversion cycle for a typical manufacturing company.
Discuss the probability versus risk trade-offs associated with alternative levels of working capital investment.
Describe the difference between permanent current assets and fluctuating current assets.
Why is it possible for the effective cost of long-term debt to exceed the cost of short-term debt, even when short-term interest rates are higher than long-term rates?
Describe the matching approach for meeting the financing needs of a company. What is the primary difficulty in implementing this approach?
Discuss the probability versus risk trade-offs associated with alternative combinations of short-term and long-term debt used in financing a company’s assets.
As the difference between the costs of short- and long-term debt becomes smaller, which financing plan, aggressive or conservative, becomes more attractive?
Why is no single working capital investment and financing policy necessarily optimal for all firms? What additional factors need to be considered in establishing a working capital policy?
a. Which of the following working capital financing policies subjects the firm to a greater risk?i. Financing permanent current assets with short-term debtii. Financing fluctuating current assets
Define and discuss the function of collateral in short-term credit arrangements.
How is the annual financing cost for a short-term financing source calculated? How does the annual financing cost differ from the true annual percentage rate?
Explain the difference between spontaneous and negotiated sources of short-term credit.
Define the following:a. Accrued expensesb. Deferred incomec. Prime rated. Compensating balancee. Discounted loanf. Commitment fee
Explain the differences between a line of credit and a revolving credit agreement.
What are some of the disadvantages of relying too heavily on commercial paper as a source of short-term credit?
Explain the differences between pledging and factoring receivables.
Explain the difference between a floating lien and a trust receipts arrangement.
Explain why the annual financing cost of secured credit is frequently higher than that of unsecured credit.
Explain why banks normally include a “cleanup” provision in a line of credit agreement.
What savings are realized when accounts receivable are factored rather than pledged?
Determine the effect of each of the following conditions on the annual financing cost for a line of credit arrangement (assuming that all other factors remain constant):a. The bank raises the prime
Under what condition or conditions, if any, might a firm find it desirable to borrow funds from a bank or other lending institution in order to take a cash discount?
The Fisher Apparel Company balance sheet for the year ended 2006 is as follows:a. What is Fisher's investment in current assets?b. Determine Fisher's working capital investment.c. Determine Fisher's
Consider again the comprehensive example involving Burlington Resources (Table 16.5). In this example, it was assumed that forecasted sales and expected EBIT, as well as the interest rates on
The Garcia Industries balance sheet and income statement for the year ended 2005 are as follows: Income Statement(in Millions of Dollars)Net sales ............... $100.0Cost of sales
Wilson Electric Company, a manufacturer of various types of electrical equipment, is examining its working capital investment policy for next year. Projected fixed assets and current liabilities are
Reynolds Equipment Company is investigating the use of various combinations of short-term and long-term debt in financing its assets. Assume that the company has decided to employ $30 million in
Superior Brands, Inc., wishes to analyze the joint impact of its working capital investment and financing policies on shareholder return and risk. The company has $40 million in fixed assets. Also,
Educational Toys, Inc. (ETI) has highly seasonal sales and financing requirements. The companys balance sheet on December 31, 2005 (now) is as follows:ETI has made the following projections of its
Greenwich Industries has forecasted its monthly needs for working capital (net of spontaneous sources, such as accounts payable) for 2005 as follows:Short-term borrowing (that is, a bank line of
Nguyen Enterprises is considering two alternative working capital investment and financing policies. Policy A requires the firm to keep its current assets at 65 percent of forecasted sales and to
The Hopewell Pharmaceutical Companys balance sheet and income statement for last year are as follows:*Assume that average accounts receivable are the same as ending accounts
Brakenridge Industries is considering the following two alternative working capital investment and financing policies:Forecasted sales next year are $30 million. EBIT is projected at 25 percent of
The Butler-Huron Companys balance sheet and income statement for last year are as follows:*Assume that all sales are credit sales and that average accounts receivable are the same as
The Milton Company currently purchases an average of $22,000 per day in raw materials on credit terms of “net 30.” The company expects sales to increase substantially next year and anticipates
Van Buren Resources, Inc., is considering borrowing $100,000 for 182 days from its bank. Van Buren will pay $6,000 of interest at maturity, and it will repay the $100,000 of principal at maturity.a.
Determine the annual financing cost of forgoing the cash discount under each of the following credit terms:a. 2/10, net 60b. 1½ /10, net 60c. 2/30, net 60d. 5/30, net four months (assume 122 days)e.
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