Consider a solid of N atoms in the temperature region in which the Debye T3 law is

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Consider a solid of N atoms in the temperature region in which the Debye T3 law is valid. The solid is in thermal contact with a heat reservoir. Use the results on energy fluctuations from Chapter 3 to show that the root mean square fraction energy fluctuation is given by

0.07 (0 = < (E -<E>) >/<e>?x т


Suppose that T = 10-2 K; θ = 200 K; and N ≈ 1015 for a particle 0.01 cm on a side; the n P ≈ 0.02. At 10-5 K the fractional fluctuation in energy is of the order of unity for a dielectric particle of volume 1 cm3.

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Thermal Physics

ISBN: 978-0716710882

2nd Edition

Authors: Charles Kittel, Herbert Kroem

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