Consider each of the following arguments. If the argument is valid, identify the rule of inference that establishes its validity. If not, indicate whether the error is due to an attempt to argue by the converse or by the inverse.
(a) Andrea can program in C++, and she can program in Java.
Therefore Andrea can program in C++.
(b) A sufficient condition for Bubbles to win the golf tournament is that her opponent Meg not sink a birdie on the last hole.
Bubbles won the golf tournament.
Therefore Bubbles' opponent Meg did not sink a birdie on the last hole.
(c) If Ron's computer program is correct, then he'll be able to complete his computer science assignment in at most two hours.
It takes Ron over two hours to complete his computer science assignment.
Therefore Ron's computer program is not correct.
(d) Eileen's car keys are in her purse, or they are on the kitchen table.
Eileen's car keys are not on the kitchen table.
Therefore Eileen's car keys are in her purse.
(e) If interest rates fall, then the stock market will rise. Interest rates are not falling.
Therefore the stock market will not rise.