Delgado Design provides a wide range of engineering and architectural consulting services through its three offices in Altamont, Ballard, and Circleville. The company allocates resources and bonuses to the three offices based on the net income reported for the period. Following are the performance results for 2013:

Overhead items are accumulated in one overhead pool and allocated to the offices based on direct labor dollars. For 2013, this predetermined overhead rate was $ 1.90 for every direct labor dollar incurred. The overhead pool includes rent, depreciation, taxes, etc., regardless of which office incurred the expense. This method of accumulating costs forces the offices to absorb a portion of the overhead incurred by other offices. Management is concerned with the results of the 2013 performance reports.
During a review of overhead costs, it became apparent that many items of overhead are not correlated with direct labor dollars as previously assumed. Management decided that applying overhead based on activity- based costing and direct tracing, when possible, should provide a more accurate picture of the profitability of each office. An analysis of the overhead revealed that the following dollars for rent, utilities, depreciation, and taxes could be traced directly to the office that incurred the overhead:

Activity pools and activity drivers were determined from the accounting records and staff surveys as follows:

a. How much overhead cost should be assigned to each office based on activity-based costing concepts?
b. What is the contribution of each office before subtracting the results obtained in (a)?
c. What is the profitability of each office using activity-based costing?
d. Evaluate the concerns of management regarding the traditional costing technique currentlyused.

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Altamont Ballard Cirdeville Total Sales Less: Direct material $1,500,000 $1,419,000 1,067,000 3,986,000 Direct labor Overhead (281,000) 421,000) 185,00 (887, (382,000) (317,000) (325,000) ,024,000) (725,800 (617,500) 1,945,600 (60,500 S 129,400 Net income S 111,200 78,700 Altamont llardCircleville Total Office overhead 195,000 $286,100 $203,500 $684,600 NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES BY LOCATION Activity Pools Activity Driver Altamont Ballard Circleville General administration 409,000 Direct labor Project costing Accounts payable/receiving 139,000#0f vendor invoices Accounts receivable PaytolVmail sort & delivery 30,000 # of ernployees Personnel recruiting Employee nsur, processing 14,000 # of insur. claims filed Proposals Sales meetings, sales aids 202,000 Contracted sales $1,821,600 $1,404,150 $569,250 Shipping Ordering Duplicating costs Blueprinting S 386,346 S 305,010 $325,344 6,300 ,060 3,640 391 48,000 # of timesheet entries 47,000 # of client invoices 38,000 # of new hires 130,000 # of proposals 1,035 572 34 874 429 39 27 238 195 273 245 189 60 24,000 # of projects 48,000 # of purchase orders 46,000 #ofcopie s duplicated 77,000 # of blueprints 100 126 160,734 25 72 67,284 38,790 31,032 16,378 125 102 145,782 S1,261,000