During its fiscal year ending on July 31, 2008, the Dr. Ing.h.c. F. Porsche AG, commonly known as “Porsche,” manufactured 105,162 vehicles. During that same year, Porsche recorded depreciation on property, plant and equipment of €281,813,000. (Porsche’s financial information is reported in euros, and € is the symbol for the euro.) For the purposes of this problem, assume that all of the depreciation is related to manufacturing activities. 

Required

a. Indicate whether the depreciation charge is a:

(1) Product cost, or a general, selling and administrative costs.

(2) Fixed or variable cost relative to the volume of production.

(3) Direct or indirect if the cost object is the cost of vehicles made in the 2008 fiscal year.

b. Assume that Porsche incurred depreciation of €23,500,000 during each month of the 2008 fiscal year, but that it produced 10,000 vehicles during February and 7,000 vehicles during March. Based on monthly costs and production levels, what was the average amount of depreciation cost per vehicle produced during each of these two months, assuming each vehicle was charged the same amount of depreciation?

c. If Porsche had expected to produce 108,000 vehicles during 2008, and had estimated its annual depreciation costs to be €285,000,000, what would have been its predetermined overhead charge per vehicle for depreciation? Explain the advantage of using this amount to determine the cost of manufacturing a car in February and March versus the amounts you computed in Requirement b.

d. If Porsche’s management had estimated the profit per vehicle based on its budgeted production of 108,000 units, would you expect its actual profit per vehicle to be higher or lower than expected? Explain.