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study help
engineering
materials science engineering
Questions and Answers of
Materials Science Engineering
Suppose you weighed a short chip fragment. You measured the length of the short chip fragment Lc. Assume that it weighs W. The density of this metal is p lb/in3. Can you obtain the chip thickness
For the data in Problem 1, determine the specific shear energy and the specific friction energy.
Derive equations for F and N using the circular force diagram. (Make a copy of the diagram. Extend a line from point X intersecting force F perpendicularly. Extend a line from point Y intersecting
Derive equations for Fs and Fn using the circular force diagram. (Construct a line through X parallel to vector Fn Extend vector Fs to intersect this line. Construct a line from X perpendicular to Fn
For the data in Problem 1, calculate the shear strain and compare it to l/rc. Comment on the comparison, l/rc - tc/t = L/Lc assuming that W = Wc.
A manufacturing engineer needs an estimate of the cutting force Fc to estimate the loss of accuracy of a machining process due to deflection. The material being machined is Inconal 600 with a BHN
Using Table 21-1, determine the maximum and minimum MRR values for rough machining (turning) a 1020 carbon steel with a BHN value of 200. Repeat for finish machining assuming a DOC value equal to 10%
Estimate the horsepower needed to remove metal at 550 in3/min with a feed of 0.005 in./rev at a DOC value of 0.675 in. The cutting force Fc was measured at 10,000 lb. Comment on these values.
F. W. Taylor was one of the discoverers of high speed steel. What else is he well known for?
What does the sintering step do in the manufacture of carbides?
What does cemented mean in the manufacture of carbides?
What advantage do ground carbide inserts have over pressed carbide inserts?
What is a chip groove?
What is the DCL?
Suppose you made four beams out of carbide, HSS, ceramic, and cobalt. The beams are identical in size and shape, differ ing only in material. Which beam would a. Deflect the most, assuming the same
Why are multiple coats or layers put on the carbide base for coated tools?
What are the most common surface treatments for a. High-speed steels? b. Carbides? c. Ceramics?
Why does a TiN-coated tool consume less power than an un-coated HSS under exactly the same cutting conditions?
Why is CBN better for machining steel than diamond?
What is a coefficient of variation?
What is meant by the statement "Tool life is a random variable"?
What is the typical value of a coefficient of variation in metal-cutting tool life distributions?
How is machinability defined?
What are the chief functions of cutting fluids?
How are carbide tools manufactured?
What is impact strength and how is it measured?'
Why is the PVD process used to coat HSS tools?
Why is there no universal cutting tool material?
Over the years, tool materials have been developed which have allowed significant increases in MRR. Nevertheless, HSS is still widely used. Under what conditions might HSS be the material of choice?
Why is the rigidity of the machine tool an important consideration in the selection of the cutting tool material?
Explain how it can be that the tool wears when it may be four times as hard as the work material.
What is a honed edge on a cutting tool and why is it done?
What are the primary considerations in tool selection?
How is a CBN tool manufactured?
In Figure 22-A are data for cutting speed and tool life. Determine the constants for the Taylor tool life equation for these data. What do you think the tool material might have been?
The outside diameter of a roll for a steel (AISI 1015) rolling mill is to be turned. In the final pass, the starting diameter = 26.25 in. and the length 48.0 in. The cutting conditions will be feed =
Using data from Problems 8 and 10, determine the necessary horsepower for the machine tool to make this cut. Data From Problem 8 Cutting speed .............500 ft/min Feed........................
In Figure 22-B, a single point tool is shown. Fill in the blanks with names for the tool nomenclature:
Following data have been obtained for machining AA390 Aluminum, a Si-Al alloy.Compute the K and n values for the Taylor tool life equation. How do these n values compare to the typical values?
In Figure 22-C, the insert at the top is set with a zero side cutting edge angle. The insert at the bottom is set so that the edge contact length is increased from 0.250 in. depth-of-cut to 0.289 in.
Tool cost is often used as the major criterion for justifying tool selection. Either silicon nitride or PCBN insert tips can be used to machine (bore) a cylinder block on a transfer line at a rate of
A 2 in. diameter bar of steel was turned at 284 rpm and tool failure occurred in 10 min. The speed was changed to 132 rpm and the tool failed in 30 min of cutting. Assume that a straight-line
The following measured data were taken from an orthogonal test cutting AISI 1015 steel using a tungsten carbide tool: Cutting speed .............500 ft/min Feed........................ 0.010
Refer to Problem 1. Show the relationship between cutting speed and tool temperature. What does this mean with regard to tool failure? Problem 1 In Figure 22-A are data for cutting speed and tool
How is the tool-work relationship in turning different from facing?
What function is provided by the lead screw on a lathe that is not provided by the feed rod?
How can work be held and supported in a lathe?
How is a workpiece that is mounted between centers on a lathe driven (rotated)?
Why is it not advisable to hold hot-rolled steel stock in a collet?
How does a steady rest differ from a follow rest?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a four-jaw independent chuck versus a three-jaw chuck?
Why should the distance a lathe tool projects from the tool-holder be minimized?
What is the difference between a ram and a saddle turret lathe?
How can a tapered part be turned on a lathe?
Why might it be desirable to use a heavy depth of cut and a light feed at a given speed in turning rather than the opposite?
Why is it usually necessary to take relatively light feeds and depths of cut when boring on a lathe?
What important factor must be kept in mind in tooling multiple-spindle screw machines that does not have to be considered in single-spindle machines?
What is the reason for having C axis control in a CNC turning center?
Why does boring assure concentricity between the hole axis and the axis of rotation of the workpiece (for boring tool), whereas drilling does not?
Why are vertical boring mills better suited than a lathe for machining large workpieces?
How does form turning differ from ordinary turning?
What is the principal advantage of a horizontal boring machine over a vertical boring machine for large workpieces?
In which figures showing setups do you find the following being used as a workholding device? a. Three-jaw chuck b. Collet c. Faceplate d. Four-jaw chuck?
In a production type boring machine with a multiple spindle head, many tools (seven in Figure 23-23) are cutting simultaneously. What about tool wear and tool failure? Do you change all the tools
From the information given in Figure 23-29, start with a piece of round bar stock and show how it progresses, operation by operation, into a finished part-a threaded shaft.Figure 23 - 29
What is the basic difference from facing and a cutoff operation?
Why is it difficult to make heavy cuts if a form turning tool is complex in shape?
Why is Equation (23-5) an approximate equation?
Why is the spindle of the lathe hollow?
A cutting speed of 200 ft/min has been selected. At what rpm should a 3-in.-diameter bar be rotated?
Assume that the workpiece in Problem 23-1 is 8-in. (203.2-mm) long and a feed of 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) per revolution is used. How long will a cut across its entire length require? Don't forget to add
If the depth of cut in Problem 23-2 is ^ in., what is the metal removal rate (MRR) exactly? What is the MRR approximately?
The following data apply for machining a part on a turret lathe and on an engine lathe:a. How many pieces would have to be made for the cost of the engine lathe to just equal the cost of the turret
A hole 89 mm in diameter is to be drilled and bored through a piece of 1340 steel that is 200-mm long, using a horizontal boring, drilling, and milling machine. High-speed tools will be used. The job
The derivation of the approximate Equation (23-5) for the MRR for turning process requires an assumption regarding the diameters of the parts being turned. Determine the error in the equation for
What functions are performed by the flutes on a drill?
What is the function of the margins on a twist drill?
What factors tend to cause a drill to "drift" off the center-line of a hole?
The drills shown in Figure 24-12 have coolant passages in the flutes. What is the purpose of these holes?
In drilling, the deeper the hole, the greater the torque. Why?
How does a gang-drilling machine differ from a multiple-spindle drilling machine?
What may result from holding the workpiece by hand when drilling?
What is the rationale behind the operation sequence shown in Figure 24-9?
What determines the rake angle of a drill? See Figure 24-2.
In terms of thrust, what is unusual about the slot-point drill compared to other drills?
What are the advantages of shell reamers?
A drill that operated satisfactorily for drilling cast iron gave very short life when used for drilling a plastic. What might be the reason for this?
What precautionary procedures should be used when drilling a deep, vertical hole in mild steel when using an ordinary twist drill?
What is the advantage of a spade drill? Is it really a drill?
Why does drill feed increase with drill size?
Suppose you specified a feed that was too large. What kinds of problems do you think this might cause? See Table 24-5 for help.
When a large-diameter hole is to be drilled, why is a small-diameter hole often drilled first?
Why are most drilled holes oversize with respect to the nominally specified diameter?
What are the two primary functions of a combination center drill?
Suppose you wanted to drill a 1.5-in. diameter hole through a piece of 1020 cold-rolled steel that is 2 in. thick, using an indexable-insert drill. Values for feed and cutting speed need to be
Let us assume that you are drilling eight holes, equally spaced in a bolt-hole circle. That is, there would be holes at 12,3,6, and 9 o'clock and four more holes equally spaced between them. The
How much time will be required to drill the hole in Problem 1?
What is the metal-removal rate when a 1 1/2-inch-diameter hole, 2 in. deep, is drilled in 1020 steel at a cutting speed of 200 fpm with a feed of 0.010 ipr?
If the specific horsepower for the steel in Problem 3 is 0.9, what horsepower would be required?
If the specific power of AISI steel of 0.7, and 75% of the output of the 1.5-kW motor of a drilling machine is available at the tool, what is the maximum feed that can be used in drilling a 2-in.
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