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In a volcanic eruption, a 2-kg piece of porous volcanic rock is thrown vertically upward with an

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In a volcanic eruption, a 2-kg piece of porous volcanic rock is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 40 m/s. It travels upward a distance of 50 m before it begins to fall back to the earth.

(a) What is the initial kinetic energy of the rock?

(b) What is the increase in thermal energy due to air friction during ascent?

(c) If the increase in thermal energy due to air friction on the way down is 70% of that on the way up, what is the speed of the rock when it returns to its initial position?

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Mass 2kg Speed 40ms Distance 50 m Gravity 981...View the full answer


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Related Video

Static friction and kinetic friction are two types of friction that occur when two objects are in contact with each other. Static friction is the force that must be overcome to initiate motion between two surfaces that are in contact with each other but are not moving relative to each other. It is caused by the interlocking of rough surfaces at the microscopic level, and it increases as the force pushing the surfaces together increases. Once motion between the surfaces starts, the static friction is no longer present. Kinetic friction, also known as sliding friction, is the force that opposes the motion of two surfaces that are in contact with each other and are moving relative to each other. It is caused by the rubbing of the surfaces against each other and the resistance of the molecules in the surfaces to being moved. Kinetic friction is generally less than static friction, but it can still be a significant force, especially at high speeds. Both static and kinetic friction can be quantified using a coefficient of friction, which is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of the frictional force between two surfaces to the normal force (the force perpendicular to the surfaces). The coefficient of static friction is typically greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction for a given pair of surfaces, because it takes more force to overcome the interlocking of the surfaces at rest than to maintain motion once it has started.

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