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physics
electricity and magnetism

Questions and Answers of Electricity and Magnetism

A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is propagating in a vacuum in the + z-direction. If at a particular instant and at a certain point in space the electric field is in the +x-direction and bas
(a) Show that in the Bohr model, the frequency of revolution of an electron in its circular orbit around a stationary hydrogen nucleus is f = me4/4ε02n3h3. (b) In classical physics, the frequency
Testing a Space Radio Transmitter you are a NASA mission specialist on your first flight aboard the space shuttle. Thanks to your extensive training in physics, you have been assigned to evaluate the
The intensity of a cylindrical laser beam is 0.800 W/m2. The cross-sectional area of the beam is 3.0 x 10-4 m2 and the intensity is uniform across the cross section of the beam. (a) What is the
A space probe 2.0 X 1010 m from a star measures the total intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the star to be 5.0 x 103 W/m2. If the star radiates uniformly in all directions, what is its
A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave emitted by a cellular phone has a wavelength of 35A cm and an electric-field amplitude of 5.40 x 10-2 V/m at a distance of 250 m from the antenna. Calculate(a) The
A monochromatic light source with power output 60.0 W radiates light of wavelength 700 nm uniformly in all directions. Calculate Emax and Bmax for the 700-nm light at a distance of 5.00 m from the
For the electromagnetic wave represented by Eq. (32.19), show that the Poynting vector (a) Is in the same direction as the propagation of the wave and (b) Has average magnitude given by Eqs. (32.29).
An intense light source radiates uniformly in all directions. At a distance of 5.0 m from the source, the radiation pressure on a perfectly absorbing surface is 9.0 x 10-6 Pa. What is the total
Television Broadcasting, Public television station KQED in San Francisco broadcasts a sinusoidal radio signal at a power of 316 kW. Assume that the wave spreads out uniformly into a hemisphere above
If the intensity of direct sunlight at a point on the earth's surface is 0.78kW/m2, find (a) The average momentum density (momentum per unit volume) in the sunlight and (b) The average momentum flow
In the 25-ft Space Simulator facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a bank of overhead arc lamps can produce light of intensity 2500 W 1m' at the floor of the facility. (This simulates the
Verify that all the expressions in Eqs. (32.27) are equivalent to Eq. (32.26).
An electromagnetic standing wave in air of frequency 750 MHz is set up between two conducting planes 80.0 cm apart. At which positions between the planes could a point charge be placed at rest so
A standing electromagnetic wave in a certain material has frequency 2.20 x 1010 Hz. The nodal planes of B are 3.55 mm apart. Find (a) The wavelength of the wave in this material; (b) The distance
An electromagnetic standing wave in air has frequency 75.0 MHz. (a) What is the distance between nodal planes of the E field? (b) What is the distance between a nodal plane of E and the closest nodal
An electromagnetic standing wave in a certain material has frequency 1.20 x 1010 Hz and speed of propagation 210 x 108 m/s.(a) What is the distance between a nodal plane of B and the closest
Show that the electric and magnetic fields for standing waves given by Eqs. (3234) and (32.35) (a) Satisfy the wave equation, Eq. (32.15), and (b) Satisfy Eqs. (32.12) and (32.14)
Microwave Oven, the microwaves in a certain microwave oven have a wavelength of 12.2cm. (a) How wide must this oven be so that it will contain five anti-nodal planes of the electric field along its
Consider a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave with fields E = Emax j sin (kx – wt) and B = Bmax k sin (kx – wt + Ф), with – π < Ф < π. Show that if E and B are to satisfy
Show that the magnetic field Bz(x, t) in a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in the + x-direction must satisfy Eq. (32.15).
For a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave in vacuum, such as that described by Eq. (32.16), show that the average energy density in the electric field is the same as that in the magnetic field
A satellite 575 km above the earth's surface transmits sinusoidal electromagnetic waves of frequency 92.4 MHz uniformly in all directions, with a power of 25.0 kW. (a) What is the intensity of these
A plane sinusoidal electromagnetic wave in air has a wavelength of 3.84 cm and an E-field amplitude of 1.35 V/m. (a) What is the frequency? (b) What is the B-field amplitude? (c) What is the
A small helium-neon laser emits red visible light with a power of 3.20mW in a beam that has a diameter of 2.50 mm.(a) What are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of the light? (b)
Consider a plane electromagnetic wave such as that shown in Fig. 325, but in which E and B also have components in the x-direction (along the direction of wave propagation). Use Gauss's law for
The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves at a rate of 3.9 x 1026 W. This energy is produced by nuclear reactions deep in the sun's interior. (a) Find the intensity of electromagnetic
It bas been proposed to place solar-power-collecting satellites in earth orbit. The power they collect would be beamed down to the earth as microwave radiation. For a microwave beam with a
Two square reflectors, each 1.50 cm on a side and of mass 4.00 g, are located at opposite ends of a thin, extremely light, 1.00-m rod that can rotate without friction and in a vacuum about an axle
The plane of a that surface is perpendicular to the propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave of intensity 1. The surface absorbs a fraction w of the incident intensity, where 0 < w < 1, and
A cylindrical conductor with a circular cross section bas a radius a and a resistivity p and carries a constant current. (a) What arc the magnitude and direction of the electric-field vector E at a
A source of sinusoidal electromagnetic waves radiates uniformly in all directions. At 10.0 m from this source, the amplitude of the electric field is measured to be 1.50 N/C. What is the electric
A circular loop of wire can be used as a radio antenna. If a 18.0-cm-diameter antenna is located 2.50 km from a 95.0-MHz source with a total power of 55.0 kW, what is the maximum emf induced in the
In a certain experiment, a radio transmitter emits sinusoidal electromagnetic waves of frequency 110.0 MHz in opposite directions inside a narrow cavity with reflectors at both ends, causing a
Flashlight to the Rescue, you are the sole crew member of the interplanetary spaceship T: 1339 Vorga, which makes regular cargo runs between the earth and the mining colonies in the asteroid belt You
The 19th-century inventor Nikola Tesla proposed to transmit electric power via sinusoidal electromagnetic waves. Suppose power is to be transmitted in a beam of cross-sectional area 100 m2. What
Global Positioning System (GPS) The GPS network consists of 24 satellites, each of which makes two orbits around the earth per day. Each satellite transmits a 50.0-W (or even less) sinusoidal
NASA is giving serious consideration to the concept of solar sailing. A solar sail craft uses a large, low-mass sail and the energy and momentum of sunlight for propulsion. (a) Should the sail be
Interplanetary space contains many small particles referred to as interplanetary dust. Radiation pressure from the sun sets a lower limit on the size of such dust particles. To see the origin of this
The Classical Hydrogen Atom The electron in a hydrogen atom can be considered to be in a circular orbit with a radius of 0.0529 nm and a kinetic energy of 13.6 eV. If the electron behaved
Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by accelerating charges. The rate at which energy is emitted from an accelerating charge that has charge q and acceleration a is given by where c is the speed of
Electromagnetic waves propagate much differently in conductors than they do in dielectrics or in vacuum. If the resistivity of the conductor is sufficiently low (that is, if it is a sufficiently good
The plate on the back nf a certain computer scanner says that the unit draws 0.34 A of current from a 120-V, 60-Hz line. Find(a) The root-mean-square current, (b) The current amplitude, (c) the
A sinusoidal current i = 1cos wt has an rms value Irms = 2.10 A. (a) What is the current amplitude? (b) The current is passed through a full-wave rectifier circuit. What is the rectified average
The voltage across the terminals of an ac power supply vaties with time according to Eq. (31.1). The voltage amplitude is V = 45.0 V. What are (a) The root-mean.,.quare potential difference Vrms,?
A 2.20-µF capacitor is connected across an ac source whose voltage amplitude is kept constant at 60.0 V but whose frequency can be varied. Find the current amplitude when the angular frequency is
A 5.00-H inductor with negligible resistance is connected across the ac source of Exercise 31.4. Find the current amplitude when the angular frequency is (a) 100 rad/s; (b) 1000 rad/s;(c) 10,000
A capacitance C and an inductance L are operated at the same angular frequency. (a) At what angular frequency will they have the same reactance? (b) If L = 5.00mH and C = 3.50µF, what is the
In each circuit described next, an ac voltage source producing a current i = I cos wt is connected to an additional circuit element.(a) The ac source is connected across a resistor R. Sketch graphs
(a) Compute the reactance of a 0.450-H inductor at frequencies of 60.0 Hz and 600 Hz. (b) Compute the reactance of a 2.50-µF capacitor at the same frequencies. (c) At what frequency is the reactance
(a) What is the reactance of a 3.oo-H inductor at a frequency of 50.0 Hz? (b) What is the inductance of an inductor whose reactance is 120 Ω at 50.0 Hz? (c) What is the reactance of a
A Radio Inductor. You want the current amplitude through a 0.450-mH inductor (pan of the circuitry for a radio receiver) to be 2.60 rnA when a sinusoidal voltage with amplitude 12.0 V is applied
Kitchen Capacitance. The wiring for a refrigerator contains a starter capacitor. A voltage of amplitude 170 V and frequency 60.0 Hz applied across the capacitor is to produce a currentamplitude of
A 250- Ω resistor is connected in series with a 4.80-µF capacitor. The voltage across the capacitor is Vc = (7.60V) sin [(120 rad/s)t]. (a) Determine the capacitive reactance of the
A 150- Ω resistor is connected in series with a 0.250-H inductor. The voltage across the resistor is vR = (3.80 V) cos [(720 rad/s)t]. (a) Derive an expression for the circuit current. (b)
You have a 200-Ω resistor, a 0.400-H inductor, and a 6.00-µF capacitor. Suppose you take the resistor and inductor and make a series circuit with a voltage source that has voltage amplitude
(a) For the R-L circuit of Exercise 31.14, graph v, vR' and vL versus t for t = 0 to t = 50.0 ms. The current is given by i = Icos wt, so v = Vcos(wt + φ). (b) What are v, VR' and VL at t =
Repeat Exercise 31.14 with the circuit consisting of only the capacitor and the inductor in series. For part (c), calculate the voltage amplitudes across the capacitor and across the inductor.
Repeat Exercise 31.14 with the circuit consisting of only the resistor and the capacitor in series. For part (c), calculate the voltage amplitudes across the resistor and across the capacitor.
(a) For the R-C circuit of Exercise 31.17, grapb v, vR, and vC versus t for t = 0 to t = 50.0 ms. The current is given by i = Icoswt, so v = Vcos(wt + φ). (b) What are v, vR, and vC at t =
The resistor, inductor, capacitor, and voltage source described in Exercise 31.14 are connected to form an L-R-C series circuit. (a) What is the impedance of the circuit? (b) What is the current
(a) For the L-R-C circuit of Exercise 31.19, graph v, vR, vL, and vC versus t for t = 0 to t = 50.0 ms. The current is given byi = lcoswt, so V = Vcos(wt + φ). (b) What are v, vR, vL,and vC at
Analyzing an L-R-C Circuit. You have a 200- Ω resistor, a 0.400-H inductor, a 5.00-μF capacitor, and a variable-frequency ac source with an amplitude of 3.00 V. You connect all four
(b) At the angular frequency in part (a), what is the maximum current through the inductor?
In an L-R-C series circuit, the rms voltage across the resistor is 30.0 V, across the capacitor it is 90.0 V, and across the inductor it is 50.0 V. What is the rms voltage of the source?
Define the reactance X of an L-R-C circuit to be X = XL – Xc. (a) Show that X = 0 when the angular frequency w of the current is equal to the resonance angular frequency w0. (b) What is the sign of
The power of a certain CD player operating at 120 V rms is 20.0 W. Assuming that the CD player behaves like a pure resistance, find (a) The maximum instantaneous power; (b) The rms current;(c) The
In a series L-R-C circuit, the components have the following values: L = 20.0mH, C = 140nF, and R = 350Ω. The generator has an rms voltage of 120 V and a frequency of 1.25 kHz. Determine (a)
(a) Show that for an L-R-C series circuit the power factor is equal to R/Z. (b) Show that for any ac circuit, not just one containing pure resistance only, the average power delivered by the voltage
An L-R-C series circuit is connected to a 120-Hz ac source that has Vrms = 80.0 V. The circuit has a resistance of 75.0Ω and an impedance at this frequency of 105Ω. What average power is
An L-R-C series circuit with L = 0.120 H, R = 240 Ω, and C = 7.30 μF carries an rms current of OA50 A with a frequency of 400 Hz. (a) What are the phase angle and power factor for this
A series ac circuit contains a 250- Ω resistor, a 15-mH inductor, a 3.5-μF capacitor and an ac power source of voltage amplitude 45 V operating at an angular frequency of 360rad/s, (a)
In an L-R-C series circuit, R = 300Ω, L = 0.400 H, and C = 6.00 X 10-8 F. When the ac source operates at the resonance frequency of the circuit, the current amplitude is 0.500 A. (a) What is
An L-R.C series circuit consists of a source with voltage amplitude 120 V and angular frequency 50.0 radls, a resistor with R = 400 Ω an inductor with L = 9.00 H, and a capacitor with
(d) What average power is delivered by the source? (e) What is the average rate at which electrical energy is converted to thermal energy in the resistor? (f) What is the average rate at which
In an L-R-C series circuit, R = 400 Ω, L = 0.350 H, and C = 0.0120μF. (a) What is the resonance angular frequency of the circuit? (b) The capacitor can withstand a peak voltage of 550
A series circuit consists of an ac source of variable frequency, a 115- Ω resistor, a 1.25-μF capacitor, and a 4.50-mH inductor. Find the impedance of this circuit wben the angular
In an L-R-C series circuit, L = 0.280 H and C = 4.00μF. The voltage amplitude of the source is 120 V. (a) What is the resonance angular frequency of the circuit? (b) When the source operates
A Step-Down Transformer A transformer connected to a 120-V (rms) ac line is to supply 12.0 V (rms) to a portable electronic device. The load resistance in the secondary is 5.00 Ω. (a) What
A Step-Up Transformer A transformer connected to a 120-V (rms) ac line is to supply 13,000 V (rms) for a neon sign. To reduce shock hazard, a fuse is to be inserted in the primary circuit; the fuse
Off to Europe! You plan to take your hair blower to Europe, where the electrical outlets puts out 240 V instead of the 120 V seen in the United States. The blower puts out 1600 W at 120 V. (a) What
Figure 31.12a shows the crossover network in a loudspeaker system. One branch consists of a capacitor C and a resistor R in series (the tweeter). This branch is in parallel with a second branch (the
A coil has a resistance of 48.0 Ω. At a frequency of 80.0 Hz the voltage across the coil leads the current in it by 52.3o. Determine the inductance of the coil.
Five infinite-impedance voltmeters, calibrated to read rms values, are connected as shown in Fig 31.25. Let R = 200 ?, L = 0.400 H, C = 6.00?F, and V = 30.0 V. What is the reading of each voltmeter
A sinusoidal current is given by i = I cos wt. The full-wave rectified current is shown in Fig. 31.3b. (a) Let t1 and t2 be the two smallest positive times at which the rectified current is zero.
A large electromagnetic coil is connected to a 120-Hz ac source. The coil has resistance 400 n, and at this source frequency the coil has inductive reactance 250 Ω. (a) What is the inductance
A series circuit has an impedance of 60.0 Ω and a power factor of 0.720 at 50.0 Hz. The source voltage lags the current. (a) What circuit element, an inductor or a capacitor, should be placed
A circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor in series with an ac source that supplies an rms voltage of 240 V. At the frequency of the source the reactance of the capacitor is 50.0 Ω. The
(b) If the frequency is now doubled, but nothing else is changed, which of the quantities in part (a) willchange? Find the new values for those that do change.
At a frequency cu, the reactance of a certain capacitor equals that of a certain inductor. (a) If the frequency is changed to w2 = 2w1, what is the ratio of the reactance of the inductor to that of
A High-Pass Filter. One application of L-R-C series circuits is to high-pass or low-pass filters, which filter out either the low- or high-frequency components of a sigual. Ahigh-pass filter is shown
A Low-Pass Filter. Figure 31.27 shows a low-pass filter (see Problem 31.49); the output voltage is taken across the capacitor in an L-R-C series circuit. Derive an expression for voutlvs, the ratio
A Low-Pass Filter. Figure 31.27 shows a low-pass filter (see Problem 31.49); the output voltage is taken across the capacitor in an L-R-C series circuit. Derive an expression for voutlvs, the ratio
A Low-Pass Filter. Figure 31.27 shows a low-pass filter (see Problem 31.49); the output voltage is taken across the capacitor in an L-R-C series circuit. Derive an expression for voutlvs, the ratio
A Low-Pass Filter. Figure 31.27 shows a low-pass filter (see Problem 31.49); the output voltage is taken across the capacitor in an L-R-C series circuit. Derive an expression for voutlvs, the ratio
A Low-Pass Filter. Figure 31.27 shows a low-pass filter (see Problem 31.49); the output voltage is taken across the capacitor in an L-R-C series circuit. Derive an expression for voutlvs, the ratio
(c) At resonance, what is the phase angle of the source current with respect to the source voltage? How does this compare to the phase angle for an L-R-C series circuit at resonance?(d) Draw the
A 400-Ω resistor and a 6.00-μF capacitor are connected in parallel to an ac generator that supplies an rms voltage of 220 Vat an angular frequency of 360rad/s. Use the results of Problem 31.54.
(a) The current amplitude in the resistor; (b) The current amplitude in the capacitor;(c) The phase angle of the source current with respect to the source voltage; (d) The amplitude of the current
An L-R-C series circuit consists of a 2.50-μF capacitor, a 5.00-mH inductor, and a 75.0-Ω resistor connected across an ac source of voltage amplitude 15.0 V having variable frequency.

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