Read each of the following statements. Assuming that statistical hypotheses are set up to test them, classify each as a one-tailed or a two-tailed test.
a. Maritz Marketing Research reports that 42% of all adults seek advice from others in selecting a lawyer. A business researcher wants to test this claim.
b. A study reported by Roper Starch Worldwide states that, on average, an influential person makes 5.8 recommendations about office equipment per year. You believe that this figure is too high and you want to test your belief.
c. The results of a survey conducted by Purchasing revealed that the mean age of a purchasing manager is 46.2.This seems too young to you and you want to conduct a test to determine if the average age of a purchasing manager is older than 46.2.
d. According to the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey, the average family spends $3,465 annually on meals at home. A business researcher would like to conduct a survey of families in her state to determine if this figure is true for her state, but she does not really have any idea whether or not the average might be higher or lower in her state.