Sanofi-Synthelabo and Aventis are two French-based groups, heavily involved in the pharmaceutical business. On 20 August 2004, Sanofi-Synthelabo acquired control of Aventis and the two groups were merged on 31 December 2004 under the name of Sanofi-Aventis.
In 2011 the Company changed its name from Sanofi- Aventis to Sanofi.
We present below the following income statements:
=> Before merger:
=> Sanofi- Synthelabo (years 2001, 2002 and 2003)
=> Aventis (years 2001, 2002 and 2003)
=> After merger: Sanofi-Aventis/Sanofi (years 2004 to 2011).
Before 2005, the consolidated financial statements of the structures have been prepared in accordance with French law, and more specifically with Rule 99-02 of the Accounting Regulatory Committee (Comite´ de la Re´ glementation Comptable, €˜CRC€™) issued 29 April 1999.
In accordance with Regulation No. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and Council of July 19, 2002 on the application of international accounting standards, Sanofi has presented its consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS since January 1, 2005. The consolidated financial statements of Sanofi as of December 31, 2011 have been prepared in compliance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and with IFRS endorsed by the European Union as of December 31, 2011.

In the notes to the financial statements of the three groups (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Aventis and Sanofi-Aventis now renamed Sanofi), we can read that research and development expenses are charged to the income statement as incurred.
Required
1 Compute the R&D intensity over the period for each company.
2 Comments on the evolution over time of the figures you have calculated.

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Sanofi-Synthelabo Consolidated statements of income in millions of euros) Year ended Year ended Year ended Dec. 31, 2001 Dec. 31, 2002 Dec. 31,2003 Research and development expenses Seling and general expanses Other operating incomeexpense), net Intangibles-amortization and imparment Rnancial income expense), net Income before tax and exceptional items Nat income before inoome from equty investees, goodwil amortraton and Income from equity nvestees net Net income before minority interests Aventis-Statements of operations 2001 2 22,941 2002 2003 in millions of euros) Net sales Co-promotion income Production costs and expenses cast of revenuel Selling, general and administratve costs and other operating income (expenses) Research and development Restructuring expenses Goodwillamortization 20,622 17,815 252 7,943)6,578) (5377) 7,1786,8 5365) 161 3,481) (50) Operating hoome Equity in eamings of afflated companies Interest (expense) income -net Miscalaneous non-operating noome and expenses-net Income bafore taxes and minorty interests Provision for income taxes Minority nterests Prefarred remuneration [prefermed dividends Net ncome 68) 251) (650),0480) 2,830 3,670 511 (107) (309)| (151) 1,120 501) 3,692 2,911 (1,111) (1,430) | (929) (29) 3,639 85 (704) (134) 2,886 (142) (B6) 1,505 2,091 1,901