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auditing assurance services
Questions and Answers of
Auditing Assurance Services
What is meant by establishing rapport with the interviewee during the conduct of an audit interview? Why is establishing rapport important during the conduct of an audit interview? Briefly describe
What can auditors do if a confrontation situation arises during an audit interview?
Briefly explain what is meant by a tandem interview. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a tandem interview? Give an example of where auditors might use a tandem interview during the conduct
What tasks must auditors perform during the analysis of an audit interview? When should auditors carry out these tasks?
Why must auditors consider who will be the respondent group in the design of an audit questionnaire? What impact does the type of respondent group have on the design of an audit questionnaire?
During the conduct of an audit, how will the characteristics of a selfadministered questionnaire differ from the characteristics of a questionnaire that auditors administer to auditees themselves?
How do response scales differ for questions asked via an audit questionnaire to obtain factual information versus questions asked to obtain attitudes or opinions?
What is meant by the reliability and validity of a questionnaire? Why must auditors be concerned about reliability and validity issues when they administer questionnaires during an audit?
What advantages do standardized questionnaires offer to auditors in the conduct of their audit work? Does their use have any disadvantages?
One problem with using the same audit questionnaire on a routine basis is the problem of "cheating." Explain briefly.
Give three problems of mail questionnaires. Outline some techniques that auditors can use to overcome these problems when they employ mail questionnaires during the conduct of an audit.
What is a control flowchart? What are the purposes of a control flowchart?
Briefly describe the nature and purposes of four types of control flowchart that auditors might construct during their audit work.
Outline the steps that must be undertaken when constructing a control flowchart. Be sure to indicate the critical decisions that must be made at each step.
For each of the four types of control flowcharts described in the chapter, give a strength and a limitation.
How might the availability of flowcharting software assist auditors to prepare and maintain control flowcharts they construct during the conduct of an audit?
A major advantage of control flowcharts is that they can be prepared and used effectively by auditors who have little knowledge of data processing controls. Discuss briefly.
To what extent is the hypothesized usefulness of flowcharts supported by empirical research results?
You are the manager of internal auditor for Kukup Manufacturing Ltd., which is a large, diversified manufacturing company based in Kuala Lumpur, Malayasia. Kukup has well-established computer systems
The New Hong Kong Chinese Banking Corporation (NHKCBC) is a large Hong Kong-based bank that offers a wide range of retail and wholesale banking services. Retail customers can access services in four
Finer Furnishings Limited is a Vancouver-based company that makes an extensive range of furniture for sale throughout North America. While it produces a wide range of standard lines of furniture,
Swagmans Banking Corporation is a large Australian bank based in Melbourne. It offers a wide range of services to customers in Australia through an extensive network of branches.Swagmans has decided
You are the manager of internal audit for a large North America-based financial institution. One day your staff report to you that they have discovered an error in the amount of interest paid to a
Briefly explain the nature of concurrent auditing techniques.
Why has the disappearance of paper-based audit trails motivated the implementation and use of concurrent auditing techniques?
Why is there often a need for continuous monitoring of advanced information systems? How do concurrent auditing techniques facilitate continuous monitoring of advanced information systems?
Why has it become more difficult for auditors to perform transaction walkthroughs with application systems? How can concurrent auditing techniques assist auditors to perform transaction walkthroughs?
What is entropy? Information systems staff often have a very high rate of turnover in their jobs. Is this a form of entropy in information systems? If so, how can concurrent auditing techniques be
How can auditors use concurrent auditing techniques to monitor application systems that are developed, implemented, operated, and maintained on behalf of an organization by an outsourcing vendor?
Why are concurrent auditing techniques useful in monitoring the authenticity, accuracy, and completeness of transaction processing in distributed application systems?
Briefly describe the nature of ITF.
Describe two methods of entering test data for an ITF application and discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Describe two methods of removing the effects of ITF transactions and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Outline the difference between the snapshot and extended record concurrent auditing techniques.
What are three major design decisions auditors must make when implementing the snapshot/extended record concurrent auditing technique?
Briefly describe the nature of the SCARF concurrent auditing technique. Discuss how snapshot and SCARF might be integrated with one another.
A properly written input program for an application system should contain the program code needed to undertake comprehensive validation of input data. Why might auditors still be interested in using
Briefly describe three types of evidence that auditors might collect using the SCARF concurrent auditing technique.
What decisions must auditors make in determining the structure of the reporting system to be used with the SCARF concurrent auditing technique?
Briefly describe the nature of the CIS concurrent auditing technique.
Briefly describe each of the major steps that must be undertaken during the execution of the continuous and intermittent simulation (CIS) technique.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of continuous and intermittent simulation with respect to (a) SCARF and (b) parallel simulation.
What are two types of cost externalities that auditors impose on other groups when using a concurrent auditing technique?
Why do auditors need to consult with other groups whenever they implement a concurrent auditing technique?
Do auditors need high levels of expertise with information systems audit and control to be able to use concurrent auditing techniques successfully? Why or why not?
Why do auditors need to seek the support of other groups whenever they implement a concurrent auditing system? In particular, why do they need the support of management?
Give one major design decision that auditors must make whenever they implement:a. Integrated test facilityb. Snapshot/extended recordc. System control audit review filed. Continuous and intermittent
In our planning of the design and implementation of a concurrent auditing technique, give two factors we must consider in deciding how we will use a concurrent auditing technique once it is
Why must auditors take great care in testing a concurrent auditing technique before they release it into production use?
Give two purposes of carrying out a postaudit on the use of a concurrent auditing technique.
Give two advantages of using concurrent auditing techniques in an organization.
Are concurrent auditing techniques used extensively in practice? Based on empirical research that has been conducted, give three factors that seem to affect whether a concurrent auditing technique
Give two limitations of using concurrent auditing techniques within an organization.
Which of the following is not a justification for using concurrent auditing techniques?a. Cheaper to implement, operate, and maintain than ex post auditing techniquesb. Increasing difficulties of
Entropy, the tendency of a system toward disorder, is present in:a. Only systems with weak controlsb. All systemsc. Only advanced systems that are complexd. Only systems with a high level of coupling
Relative to designing new test data, tagging live transactions in an ITF has the advantage that:a. Special audit routines do not have to be embedded in the host systemb. The limiting conditions in
Which of the following advantages is common to submitting reversal entries and submitting trivial transactions as two means of removing the effects of ITF transactions?a. The limiting values in the
The snapshot technique involves:a. Recording the state of an application system's working storage at a point in timeb. Taking pictures of a transaction as it flows through a systemc. Evaluating the
The difference between the snapshot technique and the extended record technique is:a. With the extended record technique, record images that are collected at different points in an application system
Which of the following types of information cannot be collected using SCARF?a. Statistical samplesb. Policy and procedural variancesc. Lack of internal program documentationd. Performance measurement
The purpose of using CALL statements only in the source code of a program to invoke SCARF routines is to:a. Improve the efficiency with which data can be collected via the SCARF routinesb. Highlight
The choice of sort codes in the SCARF reporting system is important because it:a. Determines whether a high-level or a low-level programming language can be used to implement the systemb. Affects the
Which of the following is the primary difference between SCARF and CIS?a. CIS is unable to collect data to be used for performance monitoring purposes, whereas SCARF can be used to collect evidence
Which of the following functions is not performed by the database management system when the CIS concurrent auditing technique is used?a. It invokes CIS and passes transactions across to CIS for
When compared with parallel simulation, which of the following is most likely to be a disadvantage of the CIS concurrent auditing technique?a. It is more difficult to implement because it is intended
Which of the following is not a reason for interacting with information systems staff when auditors design and implement concurrent auditing techniques?a. The cooperation of information systems staff
Which of the following statements about use of concurrent auditing techniques in practice is true?a. They are used more frequently than generalized audit software and utility softwareb. The most
Which of the following factors is most likely to lead to more extensive use of concurrent auditing techniques within an organization?a. Application systems have been programmed in high-level
Which of the following is likely to be the most important disadvantage of using concurrent auditing techniques?a. They can provide evidence about only a limited set of features in an application
Based on a limited number of empirical studies of where problems occur in programs, which of the following statements is false?a. Requirements specification and design errors are just as prominent as
Which of the following is most likely to be the motivation for auditors to use program source-code review?a. Generalized audit software is unavailable as an evidence-collection toolb. The auditor
When using risk assessment techniques to assess the materiality of source code, a software reliability model can be used primarily to:a. Determine the hazards that are associated with each moduleb.
Which of the following is most likely to be the auditor's purpose in reviewing an organization's programming standards during the conduct of code review?a. To develop expectations about the
During the conduct of code review, which of the following strategies is most likely to identify defects in the program's specifications?a. Evaluating the code for compliance with the organization's
Which of the following is unlikely to be a reason for auditors to review the programming language used to implement the code they are reviewing?a. To determine whether they must have someone else
Which of the following COBOL computational verbs is likely to be the most error-prone?a. MULTIPLYb. SUBTRACTc. COMPUTEd. DIVIDE
For which of the following COBOL reserved words are coding errors most likely to be made?a. INSPECTb. ON SIZE ERRORc. PERFORM... UNTILd. FILE STATUS
A reliable set of test data is one that:a. Reveals an error in a program whenever the program contains an errorb. Traverses all conditional execution paths in the program that it testsc. Requires no
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the black-box and the white-box approaches to test-data design?a. The black-box approach relies on knowledge of the functional
Which of the following statements about equivalence partitioning as a testdata design method is false?a. One test data element should be selected that falls within each equivalence class, and one
The purpose of the results stub in a decision table used for test-data design purposes is to:a. Document the conditions that lead to a particular actionb. Shows the expected and actual outcomes for
Which of the following statements about boundary value analysis is true?a. It cannot be used to design test data to test the boundaries of output valuesb. It leads to smaller amounts of test data
Achieving full statement coverage during testing of a program means that:a. Every branching statement in the program is traversed at least once during the test runb. All execution paths in the
Which of the following statements about basis path testing is false?a. The number of paths in the basis set can be calculated using McCabe's cyclomatic complexity numberb. Basis path testing is an
Which of the following statements about McCabe's cyclomatic complexity number is false?a. It is equal to the number of predicate nodes in a flowgraph plus oneb. It sets a lower limit on the
Which of the following statements about loop testing is false?a. It supplements basis path testing because loops will not be traversed with test data designed using basis path testingb. With nested
Which of the following statements about creating test data is true?a. Test data should never be created using live production datab. The approach used to create test data will affect the approach
Which of the following pairs of automated testing tools identify sections of code that cannot be reached during execution of a program?a. Test output comparators and test data generatorsb. Execution
Which of the following statements about the costs and benefits of using test data as an audit evidence-collection tool is true?a. Black-box testing tends to be a more effective test-data design
Which of the following is least likely to be a reason for audit use of code comparison software?a. To identify production object code that is ineffective or inefficientb. To identify unauthorized
Which of the following should not cause a discrepancy to be identified when object-code comparison is undertaken between an audit blueprint of a program and a production version of the program?a. The
As the auditor responsible for examining the accounts receivable system within an information systems facility, you decide to undertake code review of a COBOL program that prints out a list of
You are the auditor in charge of the audit of the payroll system for an organization. One of your staff performs a code review of the input validation program for timecard data. She brings the
Yatalee Yoghurt Ltd. is a major Brisbane-based firm that sells dairy foods throughout Australia. It is also a major exporter of dairy foods to the Southeast Asian region.Your audit firm has just
You are the auditor responsible for evaluating an organization's invoicing program. You decide to use test data to test that section of the program relating to sales discounts. During an interview
The specifications for a fixed-assets program include the following paragraph.Straight-line depreciation is to be charged on fixed assets at the following rates:If the fixed asset is located in Alice
Boon Lay Trading (Pte) Ltd. is a medium-sized import-export business based in Singapore. As the information systems auditor working on the audit team that is undertaking an audit of Boon Lay, you
You are a partner with information systems audit expertise in a firm of external auditors. Because of your scintillating personality, you win the audit of a medium-size manufacturing firm that has
You are the senior information systems auditor in a public accounting firm. At the start of this financial year, your firm took over the audit of a major bank that has a full range of wholesale and
Which of the following was not a motivation for developing generalized audit software?a. Need to develop an audit capability quickly in light of changing audit objectivesb. Provide an audit
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