Rye, Inc., a manufacturer of sporting equipment based in New Hampshire, enters into an agreement with Sports R Us to supply 10,000 catcher’s mitts. Sports R Us is a national retail chain of sporting goods stores based in Massachusetts.

They also operate several store locations by leasing space in shopping centers throughout the northeast, including New Hampshire. Rye sues Sports R Us in the federal court in New Hampshire for breaking the contract. The federal court in New Hampshire has personal jurisdiction over Sports R Us primarily because of:

a. Minimum contacts and purposeful availment.

b. Voluntary jurisdiction.

c. Injurious effects within the court’s jurisdictional boundaries.

d. Property ownership.

e. The Zippo standard.